{"id":11242,"date":"2022-03-29T15:13:21","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T09:43:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/?p=11242"},"modified":"2022-03-30T11:09:49","modified_gmt":"2022-03-30T05:39:49","slug":"anicent-history-topper-notes-vedic-period","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/anicent-history-topper-notes-vedic-period\/","title":{"rendered":"Ancient History Topper Notes: Vedic Period"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/anicent-history-topper-notes-vedic-period\/#Vedic_Period_1500_BC_%E2%80%93_6_AD\" >Vedic Period (1,500 BC &#8211; 6 AD)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/anicent-history-topper-notes-vedic-period\/#Vedic_Literature\" >Vedic Literature<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/anicent-history-topper-notes-vedic-period\/#Upanishads\" >Upanishads<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/anicent-history-topper-notes-vedic-period\/#Early_Vedic_Period\" >Early Vedic Period<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/anicent-history-topper-notes-vedic-period\/#Later_Vedic_Period\" >Later Vedic Period<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vedic_Period_1500_BC_%E2%80%93_6_AD\"><\/span>Vedic Period (1,500 BC &#8211; 6 AD)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Rig Veda was written during the early Rig Vedic period, whereas Sama, Yajur and Atharva Veda was written during the later Vedic period.<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-113\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-113\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Early Vedic Period<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Later Vedic Period<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Tribe (leader is elected)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">State (Janapada)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Pastoral\/nomadic lifestyle (agriculture not main activity)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Agriculture: settled life<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">No hierarchy (free to undertake any occupation)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Complex varna system developed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Nature worship, mantra recitation (w\/o intermediaries-Brahmans-free to practice) <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rituals dominated by priestly class<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Sir William Jones: 1st President of Royal Society of Bengal + first person to mention Sanskrit&#8217;s similarity to European languages<\/p>\n<p>Max Mueller: Translated Vedas + first to mention that Aryans came from Central Asia<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aryans did not invade, they came searching for grasslands, came as migrants.<\/li>\n<li>Aryan was not a race but a linguistic minority.<\/li>\n<li>Aryans did not push local groups southwards, but merged traditions and created a new composite culture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vedic_Literature\"><\/span>Vedic Literature<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Hymns, rituals, sacrifices performed by Brahmans<br \/>\n&#8211; Philosophy<br \/>\n&#8211; Not composed by any single person<\/p>\n<p>Rig Veda: Hymns for Vedic gods<br \/>\nSama Veda: Written in musical mode (can be referred to as the first musical book)<br \/>\nYajur Veda: Introduction of sacrifices<br \/>\nAtharva Veda: non-Aryan traditions, charms &amp; spells, first book on medicine (non-scientific)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Vedas were known as Shrutis (orally heard, memorized, passed on until put into writing)<\/p>\n<h3>Parts of Vedic Literature<\/h3>\n<p>Samhita (Hymns)<br \/>\nBrahmana (Rituals &amp; Sacrifices)<br \/>\nAryanakas (Philosophy)<br \/>\nUpanishad (Philosphy)<\/p>\n<h3>Vedanga<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ceremony-specific rituals for Brahmans<\/p>\n<p>Kalpa (rituals) &#8212; For example, Sulva Sutra considered as first book on Geometry<br \/>\nShiksha (Phonetics-reading mantras with correct pronunciation)<br \/>\nVyakarana (Grammar)<br \/>\nJyotisha (Jyotisha)<br \/>\nChhanda (metrics)<br \/>\nNirukta (Etymology)<\/p>\n<h3>Smriti (Dharma Shastra) &#8212; BC 200 &#8211; AD 600<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; rules of social conduct<br \/>\n&#8211; Manusmriti: basis of modern Hindu law, first book translated into English<br \/>\n&#8211; Yagya Valkhya Smriti: gives some right to widows<\/p>\n<h3>Puranas<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Easy and simple rules of worship.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kathas, pilgrimage<br \/>\n&#8211; Also deals with paintings and political history<br \/>\n&#8211; Bhagvatam Purana<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Upanishads\"><\/span>Upanishads<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Last part of Vedas<br \/>\n&#8211; Indian philosophy<br \/>\n&#8211; Concepts of Karma, Atma, Moksha, Brahma<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Early_Vedic_Period\"><\/span>Early Vedic Period<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Near Sapta Sindhu<br \/>\n&#8211; Chalcolithic period<br \/>\n&#8211; Tribes: elected leader called Rajan (had to depend on local assemblies-Sabhas)<br \/>\n&#8211; No taxation system. However, there was Bali system: voluntary offering by the people to the king<br \/>\n&#8211; Ochre-colored pottery: poor level of pottery (indicator of level of society)<br \/>\n&#8211; Condition of women better: married post maturity, educated when young, no purdah system, some were composers of Hymns<br \/>\n&#8211; There was the mobility in lifestyle<br \/>\n&#8211; Indira is a prominent god (Agni and Varuna were also mentioned)<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Later_Vedic_Period\"><\/span>Later Vedic Period<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tax on agriculture; 1\/6th of produce<br \/>\n&#8211; Rajan seated on the basis of power<br \/>\n&#8211; Painted Grey Ware (stronger pottery)<br \/>\n&#8211; Evidence of Rice and Wheat<br \/>\n&#8211; Plough was pulled by oxen<br \/>\n&#8211; Condition of women deteriorated: marriage age was reduced, no education, kept out of religious affairs<br \/>\n&#8211; Varna system developed (concept of Dwija Born)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Civilization shifted eastwards from Punjab area<br \/>\n&#8211; Availability of iron (iron-age in India)<br \/>\n&#8211; Period of agricultural surplus: Vaisyas became dominant: felt suffocated within Brahmanical structure: supported growth of Jainism and Buddhism<br \/>\n&#8211; Rise of Mahajanapadas (16): some monarchy, some republics: Magadha became prominent Mahajanapada: Others included Kosal, Vatsa, Avanti, Vajji (a republic)<br \/>\n&#8211; Vajji: a republic; confederation of 8 tribes (Licchavi as an important tribal group: Mahavira was associated with this tribe)<br \/>\n&#8211; Sresthi (local rich merchants) + Sarthva (leader of caravan traders)<br \/>\n&#8211; Sreni\/Girda: a homogenous group of merchants dealing with one particular commodity (elected their leader)<br \/>\n&#8211; Beginning of coins: Punchmarked coins (known as Pana\/Karsapana in literature): composition is of copper &amp; silver<br \/>\n&#8211; Pottery: Northern Black Polished Ware (of high quality)<br \/>\n&#8211; Philosophies like Charvaka\/Lokayata &amp; Ajivika developed<\/p>\n<h3>Charvaka\/Lokayata Philosophy<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Only recorded philosophy of that time to not believe in the concept of aatma or transmigration of soul + known as philosophy or materialism\/hedonism<\/p>\n<h3>Ajivikas<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Founded by Gosala<br \/>\n&#8211; Belief in Niyati (destiny)<br \/>\n&#8211; Bindusara was follower of this philosophy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vedic Period (1,500 BC &#8211; 6 AD) Rig Veda was written during the early Rig Vedic period, whereas Sama, Yajur and Atharva Veda was written during the later Vedic period. Sir William Jones: 1st President of Royal Society of Bengal + first person to mention Sanskrit&#8217;s similarity to European languages Max Mueller: Translated Vedas + [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11260,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[431],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.4 (Yoast SEO v21.9.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ancient History Topper Notes: Vedic Period - iQuanta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/anicent-history-topper-notes-vedic-period\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ancient History Topper Notes: Vedic Period\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vedic Period (1,500 BC &#8211; 6 AD) Rig Veda was written during the early Rig Vedic period, whereas Sama, Yajur and Atharva Veda was written during the later Vedic period. 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