{"id":39633,"date":"2025-01-07T12:33:27","date_gmt":"2025-01-07T07:03:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/?p=39633"},"modified":"2025-01-07T12:33:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T07:03:29","slug":"clat-mini-mock-series-by-iquanta-7th-january-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/clat-mini-mock-series-by-iquanta-7th-january-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"CLAT Mini Mock Series by iQuanta: 7th January 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/clat-mini-mock-series-by-iquanta-7th-january-2025\/#Instructions_%E2%80%93\" >Instructions: &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/clat-mini-mock-series-by-iquanta-7th-january-2025\/#English_Language\" >English Language<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/clat-mini-mock-series-by-iquanta-7th-january-2025\/#Legal_Reasoning\" >Legal Reasoning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/clat-mini-mock-series-by-iquanta-7th-january-2025\/#Logical_Reasoning\" >Logical Reasoning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/clat-mini-mock-series-by-iquanta-7th-january-2025\/#Quantitative_Techniques\" >Quantitative Techniques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/clat-mini-mock-series-by-iquanta-7th-january-2025\/#General_Knowledge\" >General Knowledge<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-instructions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Instructions_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>Instructions: &#8211; <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>1. Attempt all the questions.<br>2. Once you have completed all the questions of a particular section click on the submit button for scores and explanations then move to the next sections.<br>3. For each correct answer, you receive 1 mark. For this mock, there is no negative marking.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-english-language\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"English_Language\"><\/span><strong>English Language<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The world reacted with sympathetic bemusement to an incident in the news recently, that a museum employee in Germany slyly hung up his own painting in a show featuring works by masters like Picasso and Andy Warhol. To the untrained eye, the image of a family of four walking, their faces roughly painted over in white fit right in with the confounding puzzle of contemporary art \u2014 that a lot of what passes off for greatness looks like it could have been drawn by my nine-year-old niece. Respectably and passably mysterious though the said technician-artist\u2019s work was, he was fired, ironically enough, for subverting an exhibition called Glitch: On the Art of Interference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The museum, dismissing the pitying narrative of a struggling artist desperate for a break propagated by a kinder-than-usual Internet, was forced to respond, amid widespread interest to view the employee\u2019s art: \u201cWe did not receive any positive feedback on the addition from visitors to the gallery,\u201d said a spokesperson, firmly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indeed, this employee\u2019s behaviour was shockingly inappropriate; society would fall apart if everyone prioritised their own lofty ambitions over the jobs they\u2019re hired to do. Yet, it\u2019s hard not to admire such chutzpah. Inherently, we know there\u2019s nothing wrong with ambition. Besides, this wannabe artist\u2019s frustration was totally relatable because the art world is notoriously hard to infiltrate. Can one really fault anyone languishing unseen for attempting a harmless if slightly underhand way, for a shot at the limelight? The world we live in demands a certain degree of narcissistic self-promotion. Nowadays, even the artists who\u2019ve made it devote time to networking and painstakingly thinking up innovative posts to boost their algorithmic attractiveness. The sad fact is anyone whose work delves into the human condition, a filmmaker, a writer, a musician or an artist, also needs shrewd business acumen or some other shameless, new age tactic up their sleeve, to succeed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alas, market forces have ensured the romantic ideal of the artist as an authentic dreamer, unconcerned with the business side of things, is a relic from the past. Take budding novelists, for instance. YouTube is full of cottagecore-esque videos of aspiring fiction writers detailing the minutiae of their day. Since on film, the act of writing comes across as singularly uninteresting, a running commentary of their random thoughts plays in the background, highlighting their solitary existence, while they shuffle around making tea or talking about famous books. Perhaps, the idea is to evoke nostalgia for the time when searching for originality for originality\u2019s sake, was still considered a worthy aim. Currently, in public perception, the lack of money in writing has relegated it to a self-indulgent hobby, more than a career. Pertinently, these \u201cshorts\u201d on social media about artistic process reveal that its one\u2019s value within the attention economy that decides success. It\u2019s heartbreaking that instead of working on their craft, writers have to work harder on packaging themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class='fluentform ff-default fluentform_wrapper_631 ffs_default_wrap'><form data-form_id=\"631\" id=\"fluentform_631\" class=\"frm-fluent-form fluent_form_631 ff-el-form-top ff_form_instance_631_1 ff-form-loading ffs_default\" data-form_instance=\"ff_form_instance_631_1\" method=\"POST\" ><fieldset  style=\"border: none!important;margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;background-color: transparent!important;box-shadow: none!important;outline: none!important; min-inline-size: 100%;\">\n                    <legend class=\"ff_screen_reader_title\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;height: 0!important;text-indent: -999999px;width: 0!important;overflow:hidden;\">CLAT MMS English 7th Jan 2025 - Master<\/legend><p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>&#916;<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_1\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"92\"\/><script>document.getElementById( \"ak_js_1\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );<\/script><\/p><input type='hidden' name='__fluent_form_embded_post_id' value='39633' \/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_fluentform_631_fluentformnonce\" name=\"_fluentform_631_fluentformnonce\" value=\"19ecac52c0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39633\" \/><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label ff-el-is-required asterisk-right\"><label for='ff_631_email' id='label_ff_631_email' aria-label=\"Email\">Email<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" id=\"ff_631_email\" class=\"ff-el-form-control\" placeholder=\"Email Address\" data-name=\"email\"  aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-required=true><\/div><\/div><div data-type=\"name-element\" data-name=\"names\" class=\" ff-field_container ff-name-field-wrapper\" ><div class='ff-t-container'><div class='ff-t-cell '><div class='ff-el-group  ff-el-form-top'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label ff-el-is-required asterisk-right\"><label for='ff_631_names_first_name_' id='label_ff_631_names_first_name_' >Name<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><input type=\"text\" name=\"names[first_name]\" id=\"ff_631_names_first_name_\" class=\"ff-el-form-control\" placeholder=\"Name\" aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-required=true><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label ff-el-is-required asterisk-right\"><label for='ff_631_phone' id='label_ff_631_phone' aria-label=\"Mobile\">Mobile<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><input name=\"phone\" class=\"ff-el-form-control ff-el-phone\" type=\"tel\" placeholder=\"Mobile Number\" data-name=\"phone\" id=\"ff_631_phone\" inputmode=\"tel\"  aria-invalid='false' aria-required=true><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"1. According to the passage, why was the museum employee fired despite the attention his artwork garnered?\">1. According to the passage, why was the museum employee fired despite the attention his artwork garnered?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6cea014c37824be0aaa527824dacfc4d><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tHis artwork did not align with the theme of the exhibition.\"  id='input_radio_6cea014c37824be0aaa527824dacfc4d' aria-label='A.\tHis artwork did not align with the theme of the exhibition.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tHis artwork did not align with the theme of the exhibition.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_8aa137599bd88f5ff38bc40e20e16a9e><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tVisitors did not appreciate the addition to the gallery.\"  id='input_radio_8aa137599bd88f5ff38bc40e20e16a9e' aria-label='B.\tVisitors did not appreciate the addition to the gallery.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tVisitors did not appreciate the addition to the gallery.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_83c455e63656638fcc587aeeabd9df0a><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tHe lacked the necessary artistic skills for professional exhibitions.\"  id='input_radio_83c455e63656638fcc587aeeabd9df0a' aria-label='C.\tHe lacked the necessary artistic skills for professional exhibitions.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tHe lacked the necessary artistic skills for professional exhibitions.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6aeda1eb1bcbc62074611d70f3436cfc><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tHis artwork was considered inappropriate for public display.\"  id='input_radio_6aeda1eb1bcbc62074611d70f3436cfc' aria-label='D.\tHis artwork was considered inappropriate for public display.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tHis artwork was considered inappropriate for public display.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"2. What does the passage suggest about the challenges faced by artists in contemporary society?\">2. What does the passage suggest about the challenges faced by artists in contemporary society?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_e05d9c03f612ae92784cadf53cc9e58b><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tArtists often resort to unconventional tactics for fame.\"  id='input_radio_3_e05d9c03f612ae92784cadf53cc9e58b' aria-label='A.\tArtists often resort to unconventional tactics for fame.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tArtists often resort to unconventional tactics for fame.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_83db8dc21608c82f6e42c87c80491841><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tSuccessful artists prioritize networking over their craft.\"  id='input_radio_3_83db8dc21608c82f6e42c87c80491841' aria-label='B.\tSuccessful artists prioritize networking over their craft.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tSuccessful artists prioritize networking over their craft.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_1c84bab78e2d18023c10bb11fc1a4b2f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tThe art world appreciates authenticity over commercial success.\"  id='input_radio_3_1c84bab78e2d18023c10bb11fc1a4b2f' aria-label='C.\tThe art world appreciates authenticity over commercial success.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tThe art world appreciates authenticity over commercial success.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_265585f8771342a7de2639a4ddc5957a><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tContemporary artists struggle to find inspiration for their work.\"  id='input_radio_3_265585f8771342a7de2639a4ddc5957a' aria-label='D.\tContemporary artists struggle to find inspiration for their work.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tContemporary artists struggle to find inspiration for their work.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"3. Which statement best summarizes the museum&#039;s response to the incident involving the employee&#039;s artwork?\">3. Which statement best summarizes the museum's response to the incident involving the employee's artwork?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_4_d9f415de3596c6bfee90e5c05f4a1b35><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_4\" data-name=\"input_radio_4\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tThe museum appreciated the employee's creativity but had to maintain professional standards.\"  id='input_radio_4_d9f415de3596c6bfee90e5c05f4a1b35' aria-label='A.\tThe museum appreciated the employee&#039;s creativity but had to maintain professional standards.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tThe museum appreciated the employee's creativity but had to maintain professional standards.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_4_22f090360c34ce3e9a89a890b634a05b><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_4\" data-name=\"input_radio_4\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tThe museum acknowledged the public interest but remained firm in its decision to dismiss the employee.\"  id='input_radio_4_22f090360c34ce3e9a89a890b634a05b' aria-label='B.\tThe museum acknowledged the public interest but remained firm in its decision to dismiss the employee.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tThe museum acknowledged the public interest but remained firm in its decision to dismiss the employee.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_4_4ae89101ac805134bb321db1d9de8b2f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_4\" data-name=\"input_radio_4\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tThe museum recognized the controversy and chose to highlight the employee's intentions.\"  id='input_radio_4_4ae89101ac805134bb321db1d9de8b2f' aria-label='C.\tThe museum recognized the controversy and chose to highlight the employee&#039;s intentions.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tThe museum recognized the controversy and chose to highlight the employee's intentions.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_4_5d3da7e3977267766a2c336b7e2eec48><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_4\" data-name=\"input_radio_4\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tThe museum downplayed the incident and focused on the positive impact of the employee's actions.\"  id='input_radio_4_5d3da7e3977267766a2c336b7e2eec48' aria-label='D.\tThe museum downplayed the incident and focused on the positive impact of the employee&#039;s actions.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tThe museum downplayed the incident and focused on the positive impact of the employee's actions.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"4. According to the passage, what societal observation does the author make about artists and their careers today?\">4. According to the passage, what societal observation does the author make about artists and their careers today?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_7_bd1426e1813a5b1e20b8366c9c762156><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_7\" data-name=\"input_radio_7\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tArtists are increasingly detached from the commercial aspects of their work.\"  id='input_radio_7_bd1426e1813a5b1e20b8366c9c762156' aria-label='A.\tArtists are increasingly detached from the commercial aspects of their work.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tArtists are increasingly detached from the commercial aspects of their work.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_7_38cc0fdd0b0db3f15117bb60c10033c6><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_7\" data-name=\"input_radio_7\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tThe pursuit of fame often outweighs artistic integrity in contemporary art circles.\"  id='input_radio_7_38cc0fdd0b0db3f15117bb60c10033c6' aria-label='B.\tThe pursuit of fame often outweighs artistic integrity in contemporary art circles.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tThe pursuit of fame often outweighs artistic integrity in contemporary art circles.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_7_77ae8592640b243f696829d31b857195><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_7\" data-name=\"input_radio_7\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tModern artists rely solely on social media for recognition and validation.\"  id='input_radio_7_77ae8592640b243f696829d31b857195' aria-label='C.\tModern artists rely solely on social media for recognition and validation.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tModern artists rely solely on social media for recognition and validation.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_7_0bea2b43a5321bc32c193b05165a2d02><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_7\" data-name=\"input_radio_7\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tArtistic success today is primarily determined by the artist's networking skills.\"  id='input_radio_7_0bea2b43a5321bc32c193b05165a2d02' aria-label='D.\tArtistic success today is primarily determined by the artist&#039;s networking skills.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tArtistic success today is primarily determined by the artist's networking skills.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"5. Which statement best reflects the author&#039;s opinion regarding the public perception of artists who prioritize their own ambitions over their professional responsibilities?\">5. Which statement best reflects the author's opinion regarding the public perception of artists who prioritize their own ambitions over their professional responsibilities?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_8_1d480d1fe83e52f017f152a50d645b51><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_8\" data-name=\"input_radio_8\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tThe author condemns such behavior as unethical and detrimental to societal norms.\"  id='input_radio_8_1d480d1fe83e52f017f152a50d645b51' aria-label='A.\tThe author condemns such behavior as unethical and detrimental to societal norms.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tThe author condemns such behavior as unethical and detrimental to societal norms.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_8_292bb61f98176e5b1af62ea9521d0c75><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_8\" data-name=\"input_radio_8\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tThe author believes such actions are necessary in a competitive artistic environment.\"  id='input_radio_8_292bb61f98176e5b1af62ea9521d0c75' aria-label='B.\tThe author believes such actions are necessary in a competitive artistic environment.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tThe author believes such actions are necessary in a competitive artistic environment.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_8_fd3fb47f7c5378f6833ab43661065315><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_8\" data-name=\"input_radio_8\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tThe author sympathizes with artists' struggles but questions their methods.\"  id='input_radio_8_fd3fb47f7c5378f6833ab43661065315' aria-label='C.\tThe author sympathizes with artists&#039; struggles but questions their methods.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tThe author sympathizes with artists' struggles but questions their methods.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_8_6f8c3e8b7b120ba322365ac83997107b><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_8\" data-name=\"input_radio_8\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tThe author supports such behavior as a means of challenging institutional norms.\"  id='input_radio_8_6f8c3e8b7b120ba322365ac83997107b' aria-label='D.\tThe author supports such behavior as a means of challenging institutional norms.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tThe author supports such behavior as a means of challenging institutional norms.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"6. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?\">6. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_9_2e87f9771dddca787bd43d351079ad50><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_9\" data-name=\"input_radio_9\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tCondescending and critical towards contemporary artists.\"  id='input_radio_9_2e87f9771dddca787bd43d351079ad50' aria-label='A.\tCondescending and critical towards contemporary artists.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tCondescending and critical towards contemporary artists.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_9_ec4672169b663021f6174247a2fd3ffe><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_9\" data-name=\"input_radio_9\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tObjective and analytical about the evolving nature of the art world.\"  id='input_radio_9_ec4672169b663021f6174247a2fd3ffe' aria-label='B.\tObjective and analytical about the evolving nature of the art world.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tObjective and analytical about the evolving nature of the art world.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_9_09ab7f202092b369f32fcf7feb2f0ed2><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_9\" data-name=\"input_radio_9\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tSupportive and encouraging towards artists navigating the complexities of fame.\"  id='input_radio_9_09ab7f202092b369f32fcf7feb2f0ed2' aria-label='C.\tSupportive and encouraging towards artists navigating the complexities of fame.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tSupportive and encouraging towards artists navigating the complexities of fame.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_9_4f11bfd2933c4d008a5bdde623735998><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_9\" data-name=\"input_radio_9\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tSympathetic yet critical towards the challenges faced by artists today.\"  id='input_radio_9_4f11bfd2933c4d008a5bdde623735998' aria-label='D.\tSympathetic yet critical towards the challenges faced by artists today.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tSympathetic yet critical towards the challenges faced by artists today.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"quiz-score\" value=\"empty\" data-name=\"quiz-score\" ><div class='ff-el-group ff-text-center ff_submit_btn_wrapper'><button type=\"submit\" class=\"ff-btn ff-btn-submit ff-btn-md ff_btn_style wpf_has_custom_css\"  aria-label=\"Submit Form\">Submit Form<\/button><\/div><\/fieldset><\/form><div id='fluentform_631_errors' class='ff-errors-in-stack ff_form_instance_631_1 ff-form-loading_errors ff_form_instance_631_1_errors'><\/div><\/div>            <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n                window.fluent_form_ff_form_instance_631_1 = {\"id\":\"631\",\"settings\":{\"layout\":{\"labelPlacement\":\"top\",\"helpMessagePlacement\":\"with_label\",\"errorMessagePlacement\":\"inline\",\"cssClassName\":\"\",\"asteriskPlacement\":\"asterisk-right\"},\"restrictions\":{\"denyEmptySubmission\":{\"enabled\":false}}},\"form_instance\":\"ff_form_instance_631_1\",\"form_id_selector\":\"fluentform_631\",\"rules\":{\"email\":{\"required\":{\"value\":true,\"message\":\"This field is required\"},\"email\":{\"value\":true,\"message\":\"This field must contain a valid email\"}},\"names[first_name]\":{\"required\":{\"value\":true,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"names[middle_name]\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"names[last_name]\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"phone\":{\"required\":{\"value\":true,\"message\":\"This field is required\"},\"valid_phone_number\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"Phone number is not valid\"}},\"input_radio\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_3\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_4\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_7\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_8\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_9\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}}},\"debounce_time\":300};\n                            <\/script>\n            \n\n\n\n<p>Also learn:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/test\/clat-previous-papers\">CLAT Previous Year Question Papers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-legal-reasoning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Reasoning\"><\/span><strong>Legal Reasoning<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Consideration is a cornerstone of contract law, serving as the essential element that distinguishes enforceable agreements from non-binding promises. In essence, consideration refers to something of value that is exchanged between the parties involved in a contract. However, not all forms of consideration are deemed valid under the law, particularly when it involves existing legal or contractual obligations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Legal obligations, for instance, cannot constitute valid consideration. This principle is based on the idea that performing an act or refraining from an act that one is already legally bound to do (or not do) does not provide any new value and therefore cannot support a new contract. For example, if a police officer promises to investigate a case in exchange for a reward, this promise lacks valid consideration because the officer is already legally obliged to perform such duties as part of their official responsibilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast, existing contractual obligations can constitute valid consideration, but this is subject to certain conditions. A pre-existing duty under a contract can be valid consideration if it confers a material benefit to the party who did not originally contemplate this benefit at the time the contract was made. This scenario often arises in contract modifications where one party agrees to perform an additional duty or to do something extra beyond what was originally agreed upon. For instance, if a contractor is already obligated to complete a building project but agrees to add extra features not specified in the original contract, this additional work can be valid consideration for an increased payment because it provides additional value beyond the initial terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, consideration in the context of existing contractual obligations can also be valid when it involves third-party contracts. In such cases, a party&#8217;s commitment to fulfill their obligations under a third-party contract can serve as valid consideration for a new contract. For example, if Party A is contractually obligated to supply goods to Party B, and Party C agrees to pay Party A to expedite the delivery of those goods to Party B, Party A&#8217;s obligation to Party B serves as valid consideration for the new agreement with Party C. This creates a beneficial framework where third-party contracts can facilitate new agreements, allowing the involved parties to derive additional benefits through mutual obligations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The validity of consideration is fundamental in maintaining the integrity and enforceability of contracts. It ensures that there is a genuine exchange of value, which underpins the mutuality and reciprocity that are essential to binding agreements. Without valid consideration, a contract lacks the essential element of an enforceable bargain, rendering it a mere promise without legal backing. This principle safeguards against empty or illusory promises, ensuring that all parties in a contractual arrangement are genuinely committing to an exchange that benefits each party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, the requirement for valid consideration helps in distinguishing between genuine contractual commitments and mere social or moral obligations, which typically do not have the force of law. This demarcation is crucial for the legal system to determine which agreements are worthy of judicial enforcement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, while legal obligations do not qualify as valid consideration, existing contractual obligations can serve as valid consideration under certain conditions, particularly when they confer an additional benefit or involve a third-party contract. This nuanced understanding of consideration helps to ensure that contracts are based on genuine exchanges of value, maintaining the robustness and reliability of contractual agreements in legal contexts.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class='fluentform ff-default fluentform_wrapper_632 ffs_default_wrap'><form data-form_id=\"632\" id=\"fluentform_632\" class=\"frm-fluent-form fluent_form_632 ff-el-form-top ff_form_instance_632_2 ff-form-loading ffs_default\" data-form_instance=\"ff_form_instance_632_2\" method=\"POST\" ><fieldset  style=\"border: none!important;margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;background-color: transparent!important;box-shadow: none!important;outline: none!important; min-inline-size: 100%;\">\n                    <legend class=\"ff_screen_reader_title\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;height: 0!important;text-indent: -999999px;width: 0!important;overflow:hidden;\">CLAT MMS Legal Reasoning 7th Jan 2025<\/legend><p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>&#916;<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_2\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"95\"\/><script>document.getElementById( \"ak_js_2\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );<\/script><\/p><input type='hidden' name='__fluent_form_embded_post_id' value='39633' \/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_fluentform_632_fluentformnonce\" name=\"_fluentform_632_fluentformnonce\" value=\"19ecac52c0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39633\" \/><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"1. A enters into a contract with B to pay him Rs. 3,000 -\/, if he reaches court on time and gives his testimony in the case. B gives the testimony on time, and later asks for the money. Decide.\">1. A enters into a contract with B to pay him Rs. 3,000 -\/, if he reaches court on time and gives his testimony in the case. B gives the testimony on time, and later asks for the money. Decide.<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_57f80b2bb443eb700d499e9c21f292aa><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.     Giving testimony is a valid consideration for the contract.\"  id='input_radio_57f80b2bb443eb700d499e9c21f292aa' aria-label='A.     Giving testimony is a valid consideration for the contract.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.     Giving testimony is a valid consideration for the contract.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_a033f339e6b14371ca12c473608a8833><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tGiving testimony is not a valid consideration.\"  id='input_radio_a033f339e6b14371ca12c473608a8833' aria-label='B.\tGiving testimony is not a valid consideration.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tGiving testimony is not a valid consideration.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_c1eff38457c83499bdacbb462f26b140><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tContract can only be enforced if the testimony has been given in A\u2019s favour.\"  id='input_radio_c1eff38457c83499bdacbb462f26b140' aria-label='C.\tContract can only be enforced if the testimony has been given in A\u2019s favour.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tContract can only be enforced if the testimony has been given in A\u2019s favour.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_23feca1eed8ada74ba09e8a05ebd486b><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tNone of the above\"  id='input_radio_23feca1eed8ada74ba09e8a05ebd486b' aria-label='D.\tNone of the above' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tNone of the above<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"2. A is a factory owner and apprehends some rioting from his workers. He asks the police for extra protection that is normally available and asks to pay them. The department provides him with extra force and asks for money. Decide.\">2. A is a factory owner and apprehends some rioting from his workers. He asks the police for extra protection that is normally available and asks to pay them. The department provides him with extra force and asks for money. Decide.<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_cb01c1621eacf6b294d850e3f1893563><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tA is not liable as it is bribe, and he need not give bribe.\"  id='input_radio_5_cb01c1621eacf6b294d850e3f1893563' aria-label='A.\tA is not liable as it is bribe, and he need not give bribe.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tA is not liable as it is bribe, and he need not give bribe.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_ba3fb798c464855804eb54c88b346a1d><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tA is not liable as it is Police\u2019s duty to give protection.\"  id='input_radio_5_ba3fb798c464855804eb54c88b346a1d' aria-label='B.\tA is not liable as it is Police\u2019s duty to give protection.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tA is not liable as it is Police\u2019s duty to give protection.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_ff8d0b0b9934f91cc62f8ef4442091d5><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tA is liable to give extra money for the extra force.\"  id='input_radio_5_ff8d0b0b9934f91cc62f8ef4442091d5' aria-label='C.\tA is liable to give extra money for the extra force.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tA is liable to give extra money for the extra force.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_5ace714b7b68dd8bd2043ac2c6bfc2ce><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tNone of the Above\"  id='input_radio_5_5ace714b7b68dd8bd2043ac2c6bfc2ce' aria-label='D.\tNone of the Above' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tNone of the Above<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"3. A offers to deliver certain quantity of iron scrap to B. A\u2019s performance becomes skeptical. B\u2019s brother promises him certain sum of money if he delivers this iron scrap to B. Decide the validity of the contract between A and B\u2019s brother.\">3. A offers to deliver certain quantity of iron scrap to B. A\u2019s performance becomes skeptical. B\u2019s brother promises him certain sum of money if he delivers this iron scrap to B. Decide the validity of the contract between A and B\u2019s brother.<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_2a65b763a066971ac9f5bfd4243b8061><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tThe contract is valid as the consideration was valid as B\u2019s Brother was a new party and hence earlier consideration was valid.\"  id='input_radio_3_2a65b763a066971ac9f5bfd4243b8061' aria-label='A.\tThe contract is valid as the consideration was valid as B\u2019s Brother was a new party and hence earlier consideration was valid.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tThe contract is valid as the consideration was valid as B\u2019s Brother was a new party and hence earlier consideration was valid.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_e574d85b9b64f53ca3147a9b2a1c2531><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tThe contract is not valid as the A had to anyway perform the part of consideration promised to B\u2019s Brother.\"  id='input_radio_3_e574d85b9b64f53ca3147a9b2a1c2531' aria-label='B.\tThe contract is not valid as the A had to anyway perform the part of consideration promised to B\u2019s Brother.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tThe contract is not valid as the A had to anyway perform the part of consideration promised to B\u2019s Brother.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_3cafce672dd0cbf513f202d0f66df41c><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tThe contract is not valid as B and B\u2019s brother are same parties in this case.\"  id='input_radio_3_3cafce672dd0cbf513f202d0f66df41c' aria-label='C.\tThe contract is not valid as B and B\u2019s brother are same parties in this case.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tThe contract is not valid as B and B\u2019s brother are same parties in this case.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_6f8765b433ae791b6abfa65b1c0f2ac4><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tThe contract is valid as the consideration was of material benefit to B\u2019s brother.\"  id='input_radio_3_6f8765b433ae791b6abfa65b1c0f2ac4' aria-label='D.\tThe contract is valid as the consideration was of material benefit to B\u2019s brother.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tThe contract is valid as the consideration was of material benefit to B\u2019s brother.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"4. A contracts B to construct his office. B\u2019s progress showed that the work was to take one month beyond the stipulated deadline. A asks him if he completes the work within the deadline, he would be paid 5% more than promised. Decide.\">4. A contracts B to construct his office. B\u2019s progress showed that the work was to take one month beyond the stipulated deadline. A asks him if he completes the work within the deadline, he would be paid 5% more than promised. Decide.<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_c01fe0332f8293e272529b89ba804848><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tContract is not valid as the consideration was an already existing contractual obligation.\"  id='input_radio_2_c01fe0332f8293e272529b89ba804848' aria-label='A.\tContract is not valid as the consideration was an already existing contractual obligation.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tContract is not valid as the consideration was an already existing contractual obligation.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_c37f30f39274c672c9c226675a2fb46f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tContract is valid as it was of material benefit to him.\"  id='input_radio_2_c37f30f39274c672c9c226675a2fb46f' aria-label='B.\tContract is valid as it was of material benefit to him.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tContract is valid as it was of material benefit to him.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_22d7e8794ffc15d703c1de82c8b0f0b3><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tContract is not valid as B ought to complete his work within the stipulated deadline.\"  id='input_radio_2_22d7e8794ffc15d703c1de82c8b0f0b3' aria-label='C.\tContract is not valid as B ought to complete his work within the stipulated deadline.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tContract is not valid as B ought to complete his work within the stipulated deadline.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_9d4e3e59f079c8c1e6271848a06e91f2><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tNone of the Above.\"  id='input_radio_2_9d4e3e59f079c8c1e6271848a06e91f2' aria-label='D.\tNone of the Above.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tNone of the Above.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"5. How can a party&#039;s commitment in a third-party contract serve as valid consideration for a new agreement?\">5. How can a party's commitment in a third-party contract serve as valid consideration for a new agreement?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_69100a16b7b08871643c9b3f9232e2f5><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tBy signing a waiver.\"  id='input_radio_6_69100a16b7b08871643c9b3f9232e2f5' aria-label='A.\tBy signing a waiver.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tBy signing a waiver.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_1e0bcfcb14c32e39901955650641916f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tBy providing additional compensation to the third party.\"  id='input_radio_6_1e0bcfcb14c32e39901955650641916f' aria-label='B.\tBy providing additional compensation to the third party.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tBy providing additional compensation to the third party.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_45f5e5f92e439a33aec0fbb346518d38><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tBy fulfilling their obligations under the third-party contract.\"  id='input_radio_6_45f5e5f92e439a33aec0fbb346518d38' aria-label='C.\tBy fulfilling their obligations under the third-party contract.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tBy fulfilling their obligations under the third-party contract.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_85ecd6035955fa8dfcf96dcb1f8c1c77><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tBy negotiating new terms.\"  id='input_radio_6_85ecd6035955fa8dfcf96dcb1f8c1c77' aria-label='D.\tBy negotiating new terms.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tBy negotiating new terms.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"quiz-score\" value=\"empty\" data-name=\"quiz-score\" ><div class='ff-el-group ff-text-center ff_submit_btn_wrapper'><button type=\"submit\" class=\"ff-btn ff-btn-submit ff-btn-md ff_btn_style wpf_has_custom_css\"  aria-label=\"Submit Form\">Submit Form<\/button><\/div><\/fieldset><\/form><div id='fluentform_632_errors' class='ff-errors-in-stack ff_form_instance_632_2 ff-form-loading_errors ff_form_instance_632_2_errors'><\/div><\/div>            <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n                window.fluent_form_ff_form_instance_632_2 = {\"id\":\"632\",\"settings\":{\"layout\":{\"labelPlacement\":\"top\",\"helpMessagePlacement\":\"with_label\",\"errorMessagePlacement\":\"inline\",\"cssClassName\":\"\",\"asteriskPlacement\":\"asterisk-right\"},\"restrictions\":{\"denyEmptySubmission\":{\"enabled\":false}}},\"form_instance\":\"ff_form_instance_632_2\",\"form_id_selector\":\"fluentform_632\",\"rules\":{\"input_radio\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_5\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_3\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_2\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_6\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}}},\"debounce_time\":300};\n                            <\/script>\n            \n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-logical-reasoning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Logical_Reasoning\"><\/span><strong>Logical Reasoning<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>At the second edition of &#8220;World Food India 2023,&#8221; held at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the remarkable ascent of India&#8217;s food processing industry, now recognized as a &#8220;sunrise sector.&#8221; This event, inaugurated by Modi, marked a significant milestone, underscoring the country&#8217;s diverse culinary heritage as a lucrative opportunity for global investors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the past nine years, the food processing sector in India has seen a substantial influx of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), amounting to approximately \u20b950,000 crore. This surge is attributed to the government&#8217;s policies, which are both industry and farmer-friendly. Modi emphasized the need for industry stakeholders to innovate in reducing post-harvest losses and to adopt sustainable packaging methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Prime Minister pointed out that the government&#8217;s investor-friendly policies have propelled the food sector to new heights. Notably, India&#8217;s food processing capacity has expanded dramatically, leading to a 150% increase in the export of processed foods. The sector&#8217;s capacity has escalated from a modest 12 lakh tonnes to an impressive 200 lakh tonnes. India now ranks seventh globally, with an export value exceeding 50,000 million USD in agricultural produce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modi also mentioned the significant investments made in post-crop harvest infrastructure projects under the central Agri Infra Fund scheme. He highlighted several government initiatives, including the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and the establishment of mega food parks, which have significantly contributed to the development of the food processing sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Prime Minister acknowledged the pivotal role of Indian women in strengthening the food processing industry, citing their inherent capabilities. He also advocated for the inclusion of millets in the public distribution system, drawing parallels between the global acceptance of Yoga and the potential international recognition of millets. The United Nations has declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets, aligning with India&#8217;s initiative to promote awareness of these grains. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the event, Modi disbursed seed capital assistance to over one lakh self-help groups and inaugurated a &#8220;food street.&#8221; The &#8220;World Food India 2023&#8221; event, also attended by Union Minister Piyush Goyal, aims to position India as the world&#8217;s food basket and celebrate the International Year of Millets. The event, which was first held in 2017 but postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic, saw participation from over 80 countries, 200 speakers, and 12 partner ministries, departments, and commodity boards. The event concluded on November 5 with the presence of President Droupadi Murmu.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class='fluentform ff-default fluentform_wrapper_633 ffs_default_wrap'><form data-form_id=\"633\" id=\"fluentform_633\" class=\"frm-fluent-form fluent_form_633 ff-el-form-top ff_form_instance_633_3 ff-form-loading ffs_default\" data-form_instance=\"ff_form_instance_633_3\" method=\"POST\" ><fieldset  style=\"border: none!important;margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;background-color: transparent!important;box-shadow: none!important;outline: none!important; min-inline-size: 100%;\">\n                    <legend class=\"ff_screen_reader_title\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;height: 0!important;text-indent: -999999px;width: 0!important;overflow:hidden;\">CLAT MMS Logical Reasoning 7th Jan 2025<\/legend><p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>&#916;<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_3\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"78\"\/><script>document.getElementById( \"ak_js_3\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );<\/script><\/p><input type='hidden' name='__fluent_form_embded_post_id' value='39633' \/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_fluentform_633_fluentformnonce\" name=\"_fluentform_633_fluentformnonce\" value=\"19ecac52c0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39633\" \/><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"1. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is the author most likely to disagree with?\">1. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is the author most likely to disagree with?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_33a54f59310c670c172c855ab58341ce><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tThe Indian government's policies have predominantly favored the agricultural sector at the expense of the food processing industry.\"  id='input_radio_33a54f59310c670c172c855ab58341ce' aria-label='A.\tThe Indian government&#039;s policies have predominantly favored the agricultural sector at the expense of the food processing industry.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tThe Indian government's policies have predominantly favored the agricultural sector at the expense of the food processing industry.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_e76786378136cface68520a683624c9b><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tIndia's food processing industry has witnessed a significant increase in its capacity, contributing to a substantial growth in the country's agricultural exports.\"  id='input_radio_e76786378136cface68520a683624c9b' aria-label='B.\tIndia&#039;s food processing industry has witnessed a significant increase in its capacity, contributing to a substantial growth in the country&#039;s agricultural exports.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tIndia's food processing industry has witnessed a significant increase in its capacity, contributing to a substantial growth in the country's agricultural exports.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_8ab6314e539372f7525f1e7ace41fdbb><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tThe role of Indian women in the food processing industry is considered marginal and insignificant.\"  id='input_radio_8ab6314e539372f7525f1e7ace41fdbb' aria-label='C.\tThe role of Indian women in the food processing industry is considered marginal and insignificant.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tThe role of Indian women in the food processing industry is considered marginal and insignificant.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3680e8dd2876b4177c96cbecd0d09729><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tThe promotion and inclusion of millets in the public distribution system is a strategic move aligned with global dietary trends.\"  id='input_radio_3680e8dd2876b4177c96cbecd0d09729' aria-label='D.\tThe promotion and inclusion of millets in the public distribution system is a strategic move aligned with global dietary trends.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tThe promotion and inclusion of millets in the public distribution system is a strategic move aligned with global dietary trends.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"2. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the main argument in the passage?\">2. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the main argument in the passage?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_87bf2c8d44bd2b530981805e627551ef><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tA recent study shows that the global demand for Indian processed foods has been declining over the past decade.\"  id='input_radio_5_87bf2c8d44bd2b530981805e627551ef' aria-label='A.\tA recent study shows that the global demand for Indian processed foods has been declining over the past decade.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tA recent study shows that the global demand for Indian processed foods has been declining over the past decade.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_6414e8041db4013ef39510814903b432><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tThe Indian government has announced additional future investments in the Agri Infra Fund scheme to further enhance post-crop harvest infrastructure.\"  id='input_radio_5_6414e8041db4013ef39510814903b432' aria-label='B.\tThe Indian government has announced additional future investments in the Agri Infra Fund scheme to further enhance post-crop harvest infrastructure.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tThe Indian government has announced additional future investments in the Agri Infra Fund scheme to further enhance post-crop harvest infrastructure.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_b2ea3c2bd4f7d1eddb05182d46a4808d><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tThere has been a significant decrease in the export value of Indian agricultural produce in the last five years.\"  id='input_radio_5_b2ea3c2bd4f7d1eddb05182d46a4808d' aria-label='C.\tThere has been a significant decrease in the export value of Indian agricultural produce in the last five years.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tThere has been a significant decrease in the export value of Indian agricultural produce in the last five years.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_b5c79dd660af3a44ac3be7957f168ca4><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.    Other countries have started adopting India's model of integrating women into the food processing industry, citing its success.\"  id='input_radio_5_b5c79dd660af3a44ac3be7957f168ca4' aria-label='D.    Other countries have started adopting India&#039;s model of integrating women into the food processing industry, citing its success.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.    Other countries have started adopting India's model of integrating women into the food processing industry, citing its success.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"3. Which of the following can be most accurately inferred regarding the role of women in India&#039;s food processing industry?\">3. Which of the following can be most accurately inferred regarding the role of women in India's food processing industry?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_f3daaa2bfcbf9975c4852146bc3a2426><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tWomen's participation in the food processing industry is largely symbolic and has little impact on the sector's growth.\"  id='input_radio_3_f3daaa2bfcbf9975c4852146bc3a2426' aria-label='A.\tWomen&#039;s participation in the food processing industry is largely symbolic and has little impact on the sector&#039;s growth.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tWomen's participation in the food processing industry is largely symbolic and has little impact on the sector's growth.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_628e6125cd77cf444d2f7811955e483f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tThe involvement of women in the food processing industry is a recent development, primarily driven by government initiatives.\"  id='input_radio_3_628e6125cd77cf444d2f7811955e483f' aria-label='B.\tThe involvement of women in the food processing industry is a recent development, primarily driven by government initiatives.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tThe involvement of women in the food processing industry is a recent development, primarily driven by government initiatives.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_5bb51440cea3fbe5d3f41486eba3bd4f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tIndian women have played a crucial and influential role in the advancement and strengthening of the food processing industry.\"  id='input_radio_3_5bb51440cea3fbe5d3f41486eba3bd4f' aria-label='C.\tIndian women have played a crucial and influential role in the advancement and strengthening of the food processing industry.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tIndian women have played a crucial and influential role in the advancement and strengthening of the food processing industry.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_0c12b34271cf864133251183ae7919bd><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tThe food processing industry has become the primary source of employment for women in India.\"  id='input_radio_3_0c12b34271cf864133251183ae7919bd' aria-label='D.\tThe food processing industry has become the primary source of employment for women in India.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tThe food processing industry has become the primary source of employment for women in India.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"4. Based on the author&#039;s statement that &quot;The United Nations has declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets,&quot; and the author&#039;s argument about the global potential of millets akin to the international acceptance of Yoga, which of the following would the author be most likely to agree with?\">4. Based on the author's statement that \"The United Nations has declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets,\" and the author's argument about the global potential of millets akin to the international acceptance of Yoga, which of the following would the author be most likely to agree with?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_a348eee19938d59d336d55fdf0346f08><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tThe promotion of millets on a global scale could enhance India's agricultural exports significantly.\"  id='input_radio_2_a348eee19938d59d336d55fdf0346f08' aria-label='A.\tThe promotion of millets on a global scale could enhance India&#039;s agricultural exports significantly.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tThe promotion of millets on a global scale could enhance India's agricultural exports significantly.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_f2c1ab624bc362aa660138e8b8b8083c><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tMillets' inclusion in the public distribution system primarily benefits domestic consumers without impacting global perceptions.\"  id='input_radio_2_f2c1ab624bc362aa660138e8b8b8083c' aria-label='B.\tMillets&#039; inclusion in the public distribution system primarily benefits domestic consumers without impacting global perceptions.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tMillets' inclusion in the public distribution system primarily benefits domestic consumers without impacting global perceptions.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_da41d90958b81ef64c2f35661c92f98e><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tThe international year designation has little effect on the actual consumption patterns of millets worldwide.\"  id='input_radio_2_da41d90958b81ef64c2f35661c92f98e' aria-label='C.\tThe international year designation has little effect on the actual consumption patterns of millets worldwide.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tThe international year designation has little effect on the actual consumption patterns of millets worldwide.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_c3238bf660342966e9b48ade13ad99e8><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tYoga's global acceptance is unrelated to agricultural products and cannot be compared to millets' market potential.\"  id='input_radio_2_c3238bf660342966e9b48ade13ad99e8' aria-label='D.\tYoga&#039;s global acceptance is unrelated to agricultural products and cannot be compared to millets&#039; market potential.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tYoga's global acceptance is unrelated to agricultural products and cannot be compared to millets' market potential.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"5. Considering the author&#039;s insights into the development of India&#039;s food processing industry and its global positioning, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?\">5. Considering the author's insights into the development of India's food processing industry and its global positioning, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_5a0aa58f65b3a896f87cb6489cbecc56><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tThe establishment of mega food parks is primarily aimed at boosting domestic consumption rather than export.\"  id='input_radio_6_5a0aa58f65b3a896f87cb6489cbecc56' aria-label='A.\tThe establishment of mega food parks is primarily aimed at boosting domestic consumption rather than export.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tThe establishment of mega food parks is primarily aimed at boosting domestic consumption rather than export.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_17409e0705aec7da009a642992db6c58><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tThe significant increase in India's food processing capacity has been largely driven by advancements in technology and infrastructure.\"  id='input_radio_6_17409e0705aec7da009a642992db6c58' aria-label='B.\tThe significant increase in India&#039;s food processing capacity has been largely driven by advancements in technology and infrastructure.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tThe significant increase in India's food processing capacity has been largely driven by advancements in technology and infrastructure.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_ad3a4e0e3485dcb22be16af3f40b59c8><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tForeign Direct Investment (FDI) in the food processing sector has had a minimal impact on India's position in the global agricultural market.\"  id='input_radio_6_ad3a4e0e3485dcb22be16af3f40b59c8' aria-label='C.\tForeign Direct Investment (FDI) in the food processing sector has had a minimal impact on India&#039;s position in the global agricultural market.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tForeign Direct Investment (FDI) in the food processing sector has had a minimal impact on India's position in the global agricultural market.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_1c86c6c5f4b242795d12c49e630def9c><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tThe &quot;World Food India 2023&quot; event's focus on millets was more symbolic than practical in terms of its impact on the food processing industry.\"  id='input_radio_6_1c86c6c5f4b242795d12c49e630def9c' aria-label='D.\tThe &quot;World Food India 2023&quot; event&#039;s focus on millets was more symbolic than practical in terms of its impact on the food processing industry.' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tThe \"World Food India 2023\" event's focus on millets was more symbolic than practical in terms of its impact on the food processing industry.<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"quiz-score\" value=\"empty\" data-name=\"quiz-score\" ><div class='ff-el-group ff-text-center ff_submit_btn_wrapper'><button type=\"submit\" class=\"ff-btn ff-btn-submit ff-btn-md ff_btn_style wpf_has_custom_css\"  aria-label=\"Submit Form\">Submit Form<\/button><\/div><\/fieldset><\/form><div id='fluentform_633_errors' class='ff-errors-in-stack ff_form_instance_633_3 ff-form-loading_errors ff_form_instance_633_3_errors'><\/div><\/div>            <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n                window.fluent_form_ff_form_instance_633_3 = {\"id\":\"633\",\"settings\":{\"layout\":{\"labelPlacement\":\"top\",\"helpMessagePlacement\":\"with_label\",\"errorMessagePlacement\":\"inline\",\"cssClassName\":\"\",\"asteriskPlacement\":\"asterisk-right\"},\"restrictions\":{\"denyEmptySubmission\":{\"enabled\":false}}},\"form_instance\":\"ff_form_instance_633_3\",\"form_id_selector\":\"fluentform_633\",\"rules\":{\"input_radio\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_5\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_3\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_2\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_6\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}}},\"debounce_time\":300};\n                            <\/script>\n            \n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quantitative-techniques\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quantitative_Techniques\"><\/span><strong>Quantitative Techniques<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Directions: Read the following information and answer the questions that follow:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RBI Grade B phase II 2019 paper had three sections \u2013 ESI (Economic and social issues), FM (Finance &amp; Management) and English with the maximum marks in each section being 100. Each section had questions with 1,2 and 3 marks. Each section had the same number of total questions and in each section the number of one-mark questions was one more than the number of two-mark questions which in turn was one more than the number of three-mark questions. The penalty for each wrong answer is also applicable for this exam which stands as 1\/4<sup>th<\/sup> of the marks for that question.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class='fluentform ff-default fluentform_wrapper_634 ffs_default_wrap'><form data-form_id=\"634\" id=\"fluentform_634\" class=\"frm-fluent-form fluent_form_634 ff-el-form-top ff_form_instance_634_4 ff-form-loading ffs_default\" data-form_instance=\"ff_form_instance_634_4\" method=\"POST\" ><fieldset  style=\"border: none!important;margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;background-color: transparent!important;box-shadow: none!important;outline: none!important; min-inline-size: 100%;\">\n                    <legend class=\"ff_screen_reader_title\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;height: 0!important;text-indent: -999999px;width: 0!important;overflow:hidden;\">CLAT MMS Quantitative Reasoning 7th Jan 2025<\/legend><p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>&#916;<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_4\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"82\"\/><script>document.getElementById( \"ak_js_4\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );<\/script><\/p><input type='hidden' name='__fluent_form_embded_post_id' value='39633' \/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_fluentform_634_fluentformnonce\" name=\"_fluentform_634_fluentformnonce\" value=\"19ecac52c0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39633\" \/><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"1. The number of three-mark questions in the paper was?\">1. The number of three-mark questions in the paper was?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_883481a642b308e48b378a6a42d4520b><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\t45\"  id='input_radio_883481a642b308e48b378a6a42d4520b' aria-label='A.\t45' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\t45<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_fd2e08c141c8d29391a7c09fa23e9702><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\t48\"  id='input_radio_fd2e08c141c8d29391a7c09fa23e9702' aria-label='B.\t48' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\t48<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_82bbf1452b3f48547ea2c6dfa0fa8e1c><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\t54\"  id='input_radio_82bbf1452b3f48547ea2c6dfa0fa8e1c' aria-label='C.\t54' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\t54<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_02e97dea93f518523184907f99ccabae><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\t60\"  id='input_radio_02e97dea93f518523184907f99ccabae' aria-label='D.\t60' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\t60<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"2. The number of one-mark questions in the paper was?\">2. The number of one-mark questions in the paper was?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_983f1b6ff139176967cb06f82eb35f92><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\t45\"  id='input_radio_5_983f1b6ff139176967cb06f82eb35f92' aria-label='A.\t45' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\t45<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_f38196f89c87ecb0238bb3e274e6499f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\t48\"  id='input_radio_5_f38196f89c87ecb0238bb3e274e6499f' aria-label='B.\t48' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\t48<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_d2a8c70e64c1a47790e021fe4b57a1c6><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\t54\"  id='input_radio_5_d2a8c70e64c1a47790e021fe4b57a1c6' aria-label='C.\t54' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\t54<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_66856418e713e8cb2f71bc956516145f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\t60\"  id='input_radio_5_66856418e713e8cb2f71bc956516145f' aria-label='D.\t60' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\t60<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"3. The total number of questions in the paper was?\">3. The total number of questions in the paper was?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_80b9fbb12aa5d2b958ad9746a833b064><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\t135\"  id='input_radio_3_80b9fbb12aa5d2b958ad9746a833b064' aria-label='A.\t135' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\t135<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_832c23b50358ec3eba4392a0d8f14f5f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\t144\"  id='input_radio_3_832c23b50358ec3eba4392a0d8f14f5f' aria-label='B.\t144' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\t144<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_3f070246c897d0a580b90f612b756d4c><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\t153\"  id='input_radio_3_3f070246c897d0a580b90f612b756d4c' aria-label='C.\t153' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\t153<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_cdd2484bba687dd64c0088f959dbfe3f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\t162\"  id='input_radio_3_cdd2484bba687dd64c0088f959dbfe3f' aria-label='D.\t162' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\t162<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"4. If a person attempts all the questions but marks only the questions worth one point correctly, and marks the remaining questions incorrectly, how many marks will he obtain in the exam?\">4. If a person attempts all the questions but marks only the questions worth one point correctly, and marks the remaining questions incorrectly, how many marks will he obtain in the exam?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_d448ea90ff20de85a14d09ca9fcccd46><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\t4.17\"  id='input_radio_6_d448ea90ff20de85a14d09ca9fcccd46' aria-label='A.\t4.17' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\t4.17<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_a9919bb95ebee6833e828bca6f0e2906><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\t5.12\"  id='input_radio_6_a9919bb95ebee6833e828bca6f0e2906' aria-label='B.\t5.12' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\t5.12<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_79413b09cc947a4b2cdcecf0d9d2d648><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\t6.23\"  id='input_radio_6_79413b09cc947a4b2cdcecf0d9d2d648' aria-label='C.\t6.23' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\t6.23<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_12da83ac1b21d0c806bb4b4d63add2d0><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\t4.98\"  id='input_radio_6_12da83ac1b21d0c806bb4b4d63add2d0' aria-label='D.\t4.98' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\t4.98<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"5. What is the maximum score possible, if a person attempts less than half of the total questions in the paper with an accuracy of less than 80%?\">5. What is the maximum score possible, if a person attempts less than half of the total questions in the paper with an accuracy of less than 80%?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_7_5a692e74d4d6fcdbd8f3e9e2f4f74deb><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_7\" data-name=\"input_radio_7\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\t108\"  id='input_radio_7_5a692e74d4d6fcdbd8f3e9e2f4f74deb' aria-label='A.\t108' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\t108<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_7_3088b41e3ac770a03be7897bc11ae3a6><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_7\" data-name=\"input_radio_7\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\t120\"  id='input_radio_7_3088b41e3ac770a03be7897bc11ae3a6' aria-label='B.\t120' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\t120<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_7_a7daebae9b3d86b605a911856d71733b><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_7\" data-name=\"input_radio_7\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\t146\"  id='input_radio_7_a7daebae9b3d86b605a911856d71733b' aria-label='C.\t146' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\t146<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_7_58ee6a614e49a6e391bbfcabad79e7c0><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_7\" data-name=\"input_radio_7\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\t164\"  id='input_radio_7_58ee6a614e49a6e391bbfcabad79e7c0' aria-label='D.\t164' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\t164<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"6. What is the maximum possible score with an accuracy of exactly 50%?\">6. What is the maximum possible score with an accuracy of exactly 50%?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_8_f1bbc297e2c419bf0defdef52e2b0edb><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_8\" data-name=\"input_radio_8\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\t108.0\"  id='input_radio_8_f1bbc297e2c419bf0defdef52e2b0edb' aria-label='A.\t108.0' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\t108.0<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_8_0458126df6c7a3bc64ad3ffb050e2302><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_8\" data-name=\"input_radio_8\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\t114.5\"  id='input_radio_8_0458126df6c7a3bc64ad3ffb050e2302' aria-label='B.\t114.5' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\t114.5<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_8_14527c7762a40d3d8ee6cbb839706c73><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_8\" data-name=\"input_radio_8\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\t138.0\"  id='input_radio_8_14527c7762a40d3d8ee6cbb839706c73' aria-label='C.\t138.0' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\t138.0<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_8_ba57cb2c159830ac12254deb0cf90612><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_8\" data-name=\"input_radio_8\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\t175.5\"  id='input_radio_8_ba57cb2c159830ac12254deb0cf90612' aria-label='D.\t175.5' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\t175.5<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"quiz-score\" value=\"empty\" data-name=\"quiz-score\" ><div class='ff-el-group ff-text-center ff_submit_btn_wrapper'><button type=\"submit\" class=\"ff-btn ff-btn-submit ff-btn-md ff_btn_style wpf_has_custom_css\"  aria-label=\"Submit Form\">Submit Form<\/button><\/div><\/fieldset><\/form><div id='fluentform_634_errors' class='ff-errors-in-stack ff_form_instance_634_4 ff-form-loading_errors ff_form_instance_634_4_errors'><\/div><\/div>            <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n                window.fluent_form_ff_form_instance_634_4 = {\"id\":\"634\",\"settings\":{\"layout\":{\"labelPlacement\":\"top\",\"helpMessagePlacement\":\"with_label\",\"errorMessagePlacement\":\"inline\",\"cssClassName\":\"\",\"asteriskPlacement\":\"asterisk-right\"},\"restrictions\":{\"denyEmptySubmission\":{\"enabled\":false}}},\"form_instance\":\"ff_form_instance_634_4\",\"form_id_selector\":\"fluentform_634\",\"rules\":{\"input_radio\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_5\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_3\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_6\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_7\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_8\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}}},\"debounce_time\":300};\n                            <\/script>\n            \n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-general-knowledge\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_Knowledge\"><\/span><strong>General Knowledge<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Legal history in India is one with a rich tapestry of cultures and complex society. As far as the law was concerned, its origin followed the advent of ancient texts such as the Manusmriti written around 200 BCE to 200 CE. It was in this book that the foundational Hindu law and social code were laid. He believed that people should follow the principles of dharma, which can be said to be moral law, defining the rights and duties. The Manusmriti had further sub-divided the laws into two groups: varna, or social class, and ashrama, or stage of life. This division remained strong throughout the centuries and continued to influence the legal system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indian jurisprudence came under Islamic law when the Mughal Empire emerged in the 16th century. The Mughals introduced the term &#8220;sharia&#8221; and the &#8220;darbar&#8221; system, whereby the emperor served as the supreme judicial power. During this time, codification took place in criminal justice and land revenue, bringing together Hindu and Islamic influences. Notable figures like Emperor Akbar encouraged syncretic legal structures and instilled religious tolerance as they established courts welcoming multireligious populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The British colonial period was a significant watershed in the Indian law calendar. The British legal principles started invading India with the establishment of the rule of the East India Company in the 18th century. It was during this time that the formal judicial system came into existence due to the Regulating Act of 1773 and subsequent laws. The formation of the Supreme Court in Calcutta in 1774 marked the effective dawn of modern law in India. The British further codified laws through the Indian Penal Code in 1860 and the Civil Procedure Code in 1908, both of which remain indispensable for India today. The mass struggle for freedom, feeding on this drive for justice in its own endeavor, not only created expectations of what Indian reformation should be but also nurtured an ethos of legal equity and social redress by such leaders as Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Constituent Assembly-A body established in 1946 to prepare the Indian Constitution; the Indian Constitution was implemented on January 26, 1950. The very constitution vested fundamental rights, equality before law, and the principle of justice in the premises of democracy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Post-independence, India saw significant developments in its law-related field: enactment of various laws on social issues, like the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act of 1989. The independence of the judiciary has played a prime role in the enunciation of constitutional rights, interpretation of laws, and expansion of the scope of justice with landmark judgments. The journey of the legal history of India has been one of constant flux and has been made under the influences of social, political, and cultural compulsions reflecting the country&#8217;s quest for justice and equality.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class='fluentform ff-default fluentform_wrapper_635 ffs_default_wrap'><form data-form_id=\"635\" id=\"fluentform_635\" class=\"frm-fluent-form fluent_form_635 ff-el-form-top ff_form_instance_635_5 ff-form-loading ffs_default\" data-form_instance=\"ff_form_instance_635_5\" method=\"POST\" ><fieldset  style=\"border: none!important;margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;background-color: transparent!important;box-shadow: none!important;outline: none!important; min-inline-size: 100%;\">\n                    <legend class=\"ff_screen_reader_title\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;height: 0!important;text-indent: -999999px;width: 0!important;overflow:hidden;\">CLAT MMS General Knowledge 7th Jan<\/legend><p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>&#916;<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_5\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"124\"\/><script>document.getElementById( \"ak_js_5\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );<\/script><\/p><input type='hidden' name='__fluent_form_embded_post_id' value='39633' \/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_fluentform_635_fluentformnonce\" name=\"_fluentform_635_fluentformnonce\" value=\"19ecac52c0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39633\" \/><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"1. Which ancient text, composed between 200 BCE and 200 CE, laid the foundations of Hindu law and societal norms in India?\">1. Which ancient text, composed between 200 BCE and 200 CE, laid the foundations of Hindu law and societal norms in India?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_cd01fac0e565ad2276ec9b7e776935f5><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tArthashastra\"  id='input_radio_cd01fac0e565ad2276ec9b7e776935f5' aria-label='A.\tArthashastra' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tArthashastra<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2343a2b0417e852e1daf7452f5762d28><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tManusmriti\"  id='input_radio_2343a2b0417e852e1daf7452f5762d28' aria-label='B.\tManusmriti' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tManusmriti<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6a9c25210112ed3f5600b38c34daeb38><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tVedas\"  id='input_radio_6a9c25210112ed3f5600b38c34daeb38' aria-label='C.\tVedas' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tVedas<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2aa4ee53d7234bdfb0df27d340b5c9f9><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio\" data-name=\"input_radio\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tUpanishads\"  id='input_radio_2aa4ee53d7234bdfb0df27d340b5c9f9' aria-label='D.\tUpanishads' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tUpanishads<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"2. The Indian Penal Code (IPC) was drafted under the chairmanship of which British jurist?\">2. The Indian Penal Code (IPC) was drafted under the chairmanship of which British jurist?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_df39228ea68ea00e13597fc7fe156eda><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tLord Macaulay\"  id='input_radio_5_df39228ea68ea00e13597fc7fe156eda' aria-label='A.\tLord Macaulay' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tLord Macaulay<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_4587d1d381cec5f3ceeba163588a9634><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tThomas Babington Macaulay\"  id='input_radio_5_4587d1d381cec5f3ceeba163588a9634' aria-label='B.\tThomas Babington Macaulay' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tThomas Babington Macaulay<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_738a6df9561074686286c5604739a83a><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tMacaulay Stephen\"  id='input_radio_5_738a6df9561074686286c5604739a83a' aria-label='C.\tMacaulay Stephen' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tMacaulay Stephen<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_5_1657a7d3ddcff7cc0d60360e7d74223f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_5\" data-name=\"input_radio_5\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tSir Edward Macaulay\"  id='input_radio_5_1657a7d3ddcff7cc0d60360e7d74223f' aria-label='D.\tSir Edward Macaulay' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tSir Edward Macaulay<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"3. The Doctrine of Precedent is primarily derived from which legal tradition?\">3. The Doctrine of Precedent is primarily derived from which legal tradition?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_ca868b0809ab5a9796cd0fc8796b12a1><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tCivil Law\"  id='input_radio_3_ca868b0809ab5a9796cd0fc8796b12a1' aria-label='A.\tCivil Law' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tCivil Law<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_a5bdcf34e2b658931ff6e062011ab1ca><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tCommon Law\"  id='input_radio_3_a5bdcf34e2b658931ff6e062011ab1ca' aria-label='B.\tCommon Law' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tCommon Law<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_7e27a9a49a71326dedc90827ffe737fa><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tPositive Law\"  id='input_radio_3_7e27a9a49a71326dedc90827ffe737fa' aria-label='C.\tPositive Law' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tPositive Law<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_3_823f4882f4dd39cd0cf89d5c9bb8c6e0><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_3\" data-name=\"input_radio_3\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tStatutory Law\"  id='input_radio_3_823f4882f4dd39cd0cf89d5c9bb8c6e0' aria-label='D.\tStatutory Law' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tStatutory Law<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"4. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 primarily aimed at:\">4. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 primarily aimed at:<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_f25a79c0de54f68fd365d7de7a7d2a07><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tEstablishing a dominion status for India\"  id='input_radio_2_f25a79c0de54f68fd365d7de7a7d2a07' aria-label='A.\tEstablishing a dominion status for India' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tEstablishing a dominion status for India<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_28d392aada9ed66702e75812f13e454f><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tIncreasing Indian representation in governance\"  id='input_radio_2_28d392aada9ed66702e75812f13e454f' aria-label='B.\tIncreasing Indian representation in governance' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tIncreasing Indian representation in governance<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_28fdeee2f62c1500a8afc5e1963997f7><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tGranting full independence to India\"  id='input_radio_2_28fdeee2f62c1500a8afc5e1963997f7' aria-label='C.\tGranting full independence to India' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tGranting full independence to India<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_2_15d5fd64caa95cd91310c015b9e53662><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_2\" data-name=\"input_radio_2\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tAbolishing the British Parliament\u2019s control over India\"  id='input_radio_2_15d5fd64caa95cd91310c015b9e53662' aria-label='D.\tAbolishing the British Parliament\u2019s control over India' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tAbolishing the British Parliament\u2019s control over India<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label asterisk-right\"><label   aria-label=\"5. Which of the following acts introduced the concept of a federal structure in India?\">5. Which of the following acts introduced the concept of a federal structure in India?<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_ca0c3f12e391bf1bd2189afd9123030b><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"A.\tGovernment of India Act 1919\"  id='input_radio_6_ca0c3f12e391bf1bd2189afd9123030b' aria-label='A.\tGovernment of India Act 1919' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>A.\tGovernment of India Act 1919<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_743e9c05ee6bd9ca0238e88057bcc3e8><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"B.\tGovernment of India Act 1935\"  id='input_radio_6_743e9c05ee6bd9ca0238e88057bcc3e8' aria-label='B.\tGovernment of India Act 1935' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>B.\tGovernment of India Act 1935<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_4d00e15c4b8a93a7bf544a8947df6809><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"C.\tMorley-Minto Reforms\"  id='input_radio_6_4d00e15c4b8a93a7bf544a8947df6809' aria-label='C.\tMorley-Minto Reforms' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>C.\tMorley-Minto Reforms<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-form-check ff-el-form-check-'><label class='ff-el-form-check-label' for=input_radio_6_3a7ea2298230bd098c42997f90189c8c><input  type=\"radio\" name=\"input_radio_6\" data-name=\"input_radio_6\" class=\"ff-el-form-check-input ff-el-form-check-radio\" value=\"D.\tMontagu-Chelmsford Reforms\"  id='input_radio_6_3a7ea2298230bd098c42997f90189c8c' aria-label='D.\tMontagu-Chelmsford Reforms' aria-invalid='false' aria-required=false> <span>D.\tMontagu-Chelmsford Reforms<\/span><\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"quiz-score\" value=\"empty\" data-name=\"quiz-score\" ><div class='ff-el-group ff-text-center ff_submit_btn_wrapper'><button type=\"submit\" class=\"ff-btn ff-btn-submit ff-btn-md ff_btn_style wpf_has_custom_css\"  aria-label=\"Submit Form\">Submit Form<\/button><\/div><\/fieldset><\/form><div id='fluentform_635_errors' class='ff-errors-in-stack ff_form_instance_635_5 ff-form-loading_errors ff_form_instance_635_5_errors'><\/div><\/div>            <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n                window.fluent_form_ff_form_instance_635_5 = {\"id\":\"635\",\"settings\":{\"layout\":{\"labelPlacement\":\"top\",\"helpMessagePlacement\":\"with_label\",\"errorMessagePlacement\":\"inline\",\"cssClassName\":\"\",\"asteriskPlacement\":\"asterisk-right\"},\"restrictions\":{\"denyEmptySubmission\":{\"enabled\":false}}},\"form_instance\":\"ff_form_instance_635_5\",\"form_id_selector\":\"fluentform_635\",\"rules\":{\"input_radio\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_5\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_3\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_2\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"input_radio_6\":{\"required\":{\"value\":false,\"message\":\"This field is required\"}}},\"debounce_time\":300};\n                            <\/script>\n            \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Instructions: &#8211; 1. 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