{"id":6297,"date":"2021-03-08T10:15:51","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T10:15:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/?p=6297"},"modified":"2022-02-13T23:56:27","modified_gmt":"2022-02-13T18:26:27","slug":"abrogation-of-article-370","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/","title":{"rendered":"ABROGATION OF ARTICLE 370"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#What_is_Article_370\" >What is Article 370?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#What_were_the_terms_included_in_the_IoA_for_KashmirInstrument_of_Accession\" >What were the terms included in the IoA for Kashmir?(Instrument of Accession)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#How_did_the_accession_come_about\" >How did the accession come about?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#Was_Article_370_a_temporary_provision\" >Was Article 370 a temporary provision?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#Can_Article_370_be_deleted\" >Can Article 370 be deleted?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#What_is_Article_370s_significance_for_the_Indian_Union\" >What is Article 370\u2019s significance for the Indian Union?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#What_is_Article_35A\" >What is Article 35A?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#Whats_changed_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir\" >What\u2019s changed in Jammu and Kashmir?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#Has_Article_370_been_scrapped\" >Has Article 370 been scrapped?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#What_is_the_status_of_Article_35A_now\" >What is the status of Article 35A now?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#Why_didnt_governments_before_this_take_such_a_step\" >Why didn\u2019t governments before this take such a step?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#What_has_happened_since_the_abrogation\" >What has happened since the abrogation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#District_Development_Council_Elections_December_2020\" >District Development Council Elections, December 2020<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#The_District_Development_Council_DDC_polls_were_the_first_major_elections_held_in_the_Union_territory_UT_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_after_the_Narendra_Modi_government_last_year_scrapped_the_erstwhile_states_semi-autonomous_status_and_divided_it_into_two_separate_UTs_J_K_and_Ladakh\" >The District Development Council (DDC) polls were the first major elections held in the Union territory (UT) of Jammu and Kashmir after the Narendra Modi government last year scrapped the erstwhile state\u2019s semi-autonomous status and divided it into two separate UTs: J&amp;K and Ladakh.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#While_the_BJP_is_celebrating_the_fact_that_it_is_the_single_largest_party_with_75_wins_the_PAGD_has_finished_as_the_largest_pre-poll_alliance_with_110_wins_Independents_have_won_50\" >While the BJP is celebrating the fact that it is the single largest party with 75 wins, the PAGD has finished as the largest pre-poll alliance with 110 wins. Independents have won 50.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/#Has_the_BJP_made_gains_in_the_Kashmir_region_after_the_nullification_of_Article_370\" >Has the BJP made gains in the Kashmir region after the nullification of Article 370?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Article_370\"><\/span><strong>What is Article 370?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Included in the Constitution on October 17, 1949, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-article-370-has-not-been-scrapped-but-kashmirs-special-status-has-gone-5880390\/\">Article 370<\/a> exempts <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/kashmir-amit-shah-proposes-scrapping-of-article-370-amid-chaos-in-rajya-sabha-5878897\/\">J&amp;K<\/a> from the Indian Constitution (except Article 1 and Article 370 itself) and permits the state to draft its own Constitution. It restricts Parliament\u2019s legislative powers in respect of J&amp;K. For extending a central law on subjects included in the Instrument of Accession (IoA), mere \u201cconsultation\u201d with the state government is needed. But for extending it to other matters, \u201cconcurrence\u201d of the state government is mandatory. The IoA came into play when the Indian Independence Act, 1947 divided British India into <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/article-370-jammu-and-kashmir-ladakh-union-territory-mehbooba-mufti-amit-shah-rajya-sabha-5879281\/\">India<\/a> and Pakistan.<br \/>\nFor some 600 princely states whose sovereignty was restored on Independence, the Act provided for three options: to remain an independent country, join Dominion of India, or join Dominion of Pakistan \u2014 and this joining with either of the two countries was to be through an IoA. Though no prescribed form was provided, a state so joining could specify the terms on which it agreed to join. The maxim for contracts between states is pacta sunt servanda, i.e. promises between states must be honoured; if there is a breach<br \/>\nof contract, the general rule is that parties are to be restored to the original position.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_were_the_terms_included_in_the_IoA_for_KashmirInstrument_of_Accession\"><\/span><strong>What were the terms included in the IoA for Kashmir?(Instrument of Accession)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><em><strong>The Schedule appended to the Instrument of Accession gave Parliament the power to legislate <\/strong><\/em><em><b>in respect of J&amp;K only on Defense, External Affairs and Communications. <\/b><\/em>In Kashmir\u2019s Instrument of Accession in Clause 5, Raja Hari Singh, ruler of J&amp;K, explicitly mentioned that the terms of \u201cmy Instrument of Accession cannot be varied by any amendment of the Act or of Indian Independence Act unless such amendment is accepted by me by an Instrument supplementary to this Instrument\u201d. Clause 7 said \u201cnothing in this Instrument shall be deemed to<br \/>\ncommit me in any way to acceptance of any future constitution of India or to fetter my discretion to enter into arrangements with the Government of India under any such future constitution\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_did_the_accession_come_about\"><\/span><strong>How did the accession come about?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Raja Hari Singh had initially decided to remain independent and sign standstill agreements with India and Pakistan, and Pakistan in fact signed it. But following an invasion from tribesmen and Army men in plainclothes from Pakistan, he sought the help of India, which in turn sought the accession of Kashmir to India. Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession on October 26, 1947 and Governor General Lord Mountbatten accepted it on October 27, 1947.<\/p>\n<p>It was India\u2019s stated policy that wherever there was a dispute on accession, it should be settled in accordance with the wishes of people rather than a unilateral decision of the ruler of the princely state. In India\u2019s acceptance of the IoA, Lord Mountbatten stated that \u201cit is my Government\u2019s wish that as soon as law and order have been restored in Kashmir and her soil is cleared of the invader, the question of the State\u2019s accession be settled by a reference to the people\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>India regarded accession as purely temporary and provisional, as stated in the Government of India\u2019s White Paper on J&amp;K in 1948. In a letter to J&amp;K Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah dated May 17, 1949, Prime Minister <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Jawaharlal Nehru<\/span> with the concurrence of Vallabhbhai Patel and N Gopalaswami Ayyangar wrote: \u201cIt has been settled policy of Government of India, which on many occasions has been stated both by Sardar Patel and me, that the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir is a matter for determination by the people of the state represented in a Constituent Assembly convened for the purpose.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Was_Article_370_a_temporary_provision\"><\/span><strong>Was Article 370 a temporary provision?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>It is the first article of Part XXI of the Constitution. The heading of this part is \u2018Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions\u2019. Article 370 could be interpreted as temporary in the sense that the J&amp;K Constituent Assembly had a right to modify\/delete\/retain it; it decided to retain it, or temporary in the actual sense. There are different opinions on this.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_Article_370_be_deleted\"><\/span><strong>Can Article 370 be deleted?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Yes, Article 370(3) permits deletion by a Presidential Order. Such an order, however, is to be preceded by the concurrence of J&amp;K\u2019s Constituent Assembly. Since such an Assembly was dissolved on January 26, 1957, one view is it cannot be deleted anymore. But the other view is that it can be done, but only with the concurrence of the State<br \/>\nAssembly.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Article_370s_significance_for_the_Indian_Union\"><\/span><strong>What is Article 370\u2019s significance for the Indian Union?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Article 370 itself mentions Article 1, which includes J&amp;K in the list of states. Article 370 has been described as a tunnel through which the Constitution is applied to <strong>J<em>&amp;K. Nehru, however, said in Lok <\/em><em>Sabha on November 27, 1963 that \u201cArticle 370 has eroded\u201d. India has used Article 370 at least 45 <\/em><em>times to extend provisions of the Indian Constitution to J&amp;<\/em>K.<\/strong> This is the only way through which, by mere Presidential Orders, India has almost nullified the effect of J&amp;K\u2019s special status. By the 1954 order,<br \/>\nalmost the entire Constitution was extended to J&amp;K including most Constitutional amendments.<br \/>\nNinety-four of 97 entries in the Union List are applicable to J&amp;K; 26 out of 47 items of the Concurrent<br \/>\nList have been extended.; 260 of 395 Articles have been extended to the state, besides 7 of 12<br \/>\nSchedules.(before the abrogation, obviously)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Article_35A\"><\/span><strong>What is Article 35A?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/understanding-articles-370-35a-jammu-kashmir-indian-constitution-5610996\/\">Article 35A<\/a> stems from Article 370, having been introduced through a Presidential Order in 1954. Article 35A is unique in the sense that it does not appear in the main body of the Constitution \u2014 Article 35 is immediately followed by Article 36 \u2014 but comes up in Appendix I. Article 35A empowers the J&amp;K legislature to define the state\u2019s permanent residents and their special rights and privileges.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7711 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-300x57.jpeg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-300x57.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-1024x194.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-768x145.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-640x121.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-681x129.jpeg 681w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM.jpeg 1280w\" alt=\"\" width=\"384\" height=\"73\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_changed_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir\"><\/span><strong>What\u2019s changed in Jammu and Kashmir?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Has_Article_370_been_scrapped\"><\/span><strong>Has Article 370 been scrapped?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019, issued by President Ram Nath Kovind \u201cin exercise of the powers conferred by Clause (1) of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-article-370-has-not-been-scrapped-but-kashmirs-special-status-has-gone-5880390\/\">Article 370<\/a> of the Constitution\u201d, has not abrogated Article 370. While this provision remains in the statute book, it has been used to withdraw the special status of Jammu and Kashmir.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>The Presidential Order has extended all provisions of the Indian Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir. <\/em><em>It has also ordered that references to the Sadr-i-Riyasat of Jammu and Kashmir shall be construed as <\/em><em>references to the Governor of the state, and \u201creferences to the Government of the said State shall be <\/em><em>construed as including references to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir acting on the advice of his <\/em><em>Council of Ministers\u201d.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is the first time that Article 370 has been used to amend Article 367 (which deals with Interpretation) in respect of Jammu and Kashmir, and this amendment has then been used to amend Article 370 itself.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_status_of_Article_35A_now\"><\/span><strong>What is the status of Article 35A now?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/understanding-articles-370-35a-jammu-kashmir-indian-constitution-5610996\/\">Article 35A<\/a> stems from Article 370, and was <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/understanding-articles-370-35a-jammu-kashmir-indian-constitution-5610996\/\">introduced through a Presidential Order<\/a> in 1954. Article 35A does not appear in the main body of the Constitution \u2014 Article 35 is followed by Article 36 \u2014 but appears in Appendix I. Article 35A empowers the Jammu and Kashmir legislature to define the permanent residents of the state, and their special rights and privileges.<\/p>\n<p>Presidential Order has extended all provisions of the Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir, including the chapter on Fundamental Rights. Therefore, the discriminatory provisions under Article 35A are now unconstitutional. The President may also withdraw Article 35A. This provision is currently under challenge in the Supreme Court on the ground that it could have been introduced in the Indian Constitution only through a constitutional amendment under Article 368, and not through a Presidential Order under Article 370.<\/p>\n<p>However, Monday\u2019s Presidential Order, too has amended Article 367 without following the amending process.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>In effect, the state of Jammu and Kashmir will now cease to exist; it will be replaced by two new <\/em><em>Union Territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. UTs have become states earlier; this is the first time that a state has been converted into a UT. The UT of Jammu and Kashmir will have an Assembly, like in Delhi and Puducherry.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Article 3 of the Constitution gives Parliament the power to amend the Constitution by a simple majority <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>to change the boundaries of a state, and to form a new state. But this change requires that such a Bill <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>be first referred to the concerned state Assembly by the President for ascertaining its views. <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Explanation II of Article 3 says Parliament\u2019s power extends to forming Union Territories. <\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>Not only has Jammu and Kashmir lost its special status, it has been given a status lower than that of <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>other states. Instead of 29, India will now have 28 states. Kashmir will no longer have a Governor, <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>rather a Lieutenant Governor like in Delhi or Puducherry.<\/em><em>It is also likely that corporates and <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>individuals will be able to buy land in Jammu and Kashmir. Non-Kashmiris might now get <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>jobs in Kashmir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_didnt_governments_before_this_take_such_a_step\"><\/span><strong>Why didn\u2019t governments before this take such a step?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Nehru probably lacked the political will, and wanted to honour the constitutional pact with Maharaja Hari Singh. He also had a sentimental connection with Kashmir. Atal Bihari Vajpayee\u2019s idea was that of the healing touch \u2014 in the form of Kashmiriyat, Insaniyat and Jamhooriyat. The first Modi government was in an alliance with the PDP in Jammu and Kashmir till 2018. The Home Minister has said that once peace returns and the situation improves, the government will restore statehood to Jammu and Kashmir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_has_happened_since_the_abrogation\"><\/span><strong>What has happened since the abrogation?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The Internet shutdown in the J&amp;K U.T. between August 4, 2019 and March 4, 2020 was the longest in any democracy. Even after the shutdown ended, only 2G and broadband Internet were restored.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">4G internet was just restored a week ago, after 551 days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Tourism was in complete shambles, number of tourists reduced by 80 percent over the previous year.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Unemployment reached an all time high of 22 percent<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #d9d9d9;\">According to the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), the lockdown and increase in Army presence led to a decrease in terrorism-related deaths. Yet <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color: #d9d9d9;\">the fatalities post-lockdown were higher compared to the low levels seen in <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color: #d9d9d9;\">2012.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #d9d9d9;\">Terrorism fatalities did reduce by 50 percent(till 5 Aug 2020, latest figures <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color: #d9d9d9;\">not available), but that needs to be seen in context with the unusually high <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color: #d9d9d9;\">army cover.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"background-color: #d9d9d9;\">Despite the decrease in terrorism-related deaths, the number of local recruits increased. In 2020, until March, 87.5% of the militants killed were locals according to SATP.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"District_Development_Council_Elections_December_2020\"><\/span><strong>District Development Council Elections, December 2020<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_District_Development_Council_DDC_polls_were_the_first_major_elections_held_in_the_Union_territory_UT_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_after_the_Narendra_Modi_government_last_year_scrapped_the_erstwhile_states_semi-autonomous_status_and_divided_it_into_two_separate_UTs_J_K_and_Ladakh\"><\/span>The District Development Council (DDC) polls were the first major elections held in the Union territory (UT) of Jammu and Kashmir after the Narendra Modi government last year scrapped the erstwhile state\u2019s semi-autonomous status and divided it into two separate UTs: J&amp;K and Ladakh.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"While_the_BJP_is_celebrating_the_fact_that_it_is_the_single_largest_party_with_75_wins_the_PAGD_has_finished_as_the_largest_pre-poll_alliance_with_110_wins_Independents_have_won_50\"><\/span>While the BJP is celebrating the fact that it is the single largest party with 75 wins, the PAGD has finished as the largest pre-poll alliance with 110 wins. Independents have won 50.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>PAGD: People\u2019s Alliance for Gupkar declaration: an alliance of opposition parties led by National Conference leader Dr Farooq Abdullah. Other parties in the alliance include Mehbooba Mufti led PDP, INC, and a few other(not so important ones)<\/p>\n<p>PS: Abdullah, Mufti and all other major political Kashmiri leaders were placed under house arrest for more than a year under the draconian Public Safety Act(PSA), they were only released before the elections were announced.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Has_the_BJP_made_gains_in_the_Kashmir_region_after_the_nullification_of_Article_370\"><\/span><strong>Has the BJP made gains in the Kashmir region after the nullification of Article 370?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>That Jammu and Kashmir\u2019s politics has been polarised around its religious<br \/>\ngeography is known. With the NC-PDP and other smaller parties coming<br \/>\ntogether against the BJP, the overall outcome in these elections was not<br \/>\nsurprising. The only question worth asking is: has the BJP been able to gain<br \/>\npolitical ground in the Kashmir region by championing the Union<br \/>\ngovernment\u2019s decision to take away the erstwhile state\u2019s autonomy and<br \/>\nmaking it into a UT, which it has said will lead to more development? While<br \/>\nthe BJP is highlighting the fact that it has won three seats in these elections<br \/>\nin the Kashmir region, this cannot be compared to a win in assembly or Lok<br \/>\nSabha elections because DDC segments are much smaller. Because the DDC polls have been held for the first time, no comparisons can be made with previous elections.<\/p>\n<p>To structure your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/cat-online-coaching\">CAT online preparation<\/a>\u00a0in an efficient way consider joining iQuanta which is a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/test\/iconcept\">top online cat coaching<\/a>\u00a0institute and being a part of the iQuanta CAT 22 Course.<br \/>\nYou can also check out and be a part of their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/Rockthecat\">Facebook group<\/a>\u00a0for peer learning, doubt solving and free material.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7711 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-300x57.jpeg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-300x57.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-1024x194.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-768x145.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-640x121.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-681x129.jpeg 681w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM.jpeg 1280w\" alt=\"\" width=\"384\" height=\"73\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>For 24*7 doubts-solving, FREE guidance and counselling and peer to peer learning, join the CAT preparation Fb group below:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/Rockthecat\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8002 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM.jpeg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM-300x57.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM-1024x194.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM-768x145.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM-640x121.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM-681x129.jpeg 681w\" alt=\"CAT preparation Fb group\" width=\"400\" height=\"76\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Article 370? Included in the Constitution on October 17, 1949, Article 370 exempts J&amp;K from the Indian Constitution (except Article 1 and Article 370 itself) and permits the state to draft its own Constitution. It restricts Parliament\u2019s legislative powers in respect of J&amp;K. For extending a central law on subjects included in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6535,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[367],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.4 (Yoast SEO v21.9.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ABROGATION OF ARTICLE 370 - iQuanta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/abrogation-of-article-370\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ABROGATION OF ARTICLE 370\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is Article 370? Included in the Constitution on October 17, 1949, Article 370 exempts J&amp;K from the Indian Constitution (except Article 1 and Article 370 itself) and permits the state to draft its own Constitution. It restricts Parliament\u2019s legislative powers in respect of J&amp;K. 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