{"id":6363,"date":"2021-03-08T14:28:01","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T14:28:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/?p=6363"},"modified":"2022-02-13T23:47:31","modified_gmt":"2022-02-13T18:17:31","slug":"paris-climate-agreement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/paris-climate-agreement\/","title":{"rendered":"Paris Climate Agreement"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paris Agreement was signed in 2016 by UNFCCC 195 signatories. The agreement intends to reduce<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In 2017, the US President announced his intention to<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">withdraw from the agreement. The effective date of withdrawal of the US is November 2020.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>What is the Paris Agreement?<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a multilateral agreement within the \u200b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(UNFCCC)\u200b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; signed to reduce, mitigate greenhouse-gas-emissions.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>When was the Paris Agreement signed?<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An agreement was signed on 22 April 2016.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>How many countries signed the Paris Agreement?<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, 195 UNFCCC members have signed it. However, US President Donald Trump has<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">announced his intention to withdraw from the agreement by November 2020<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The goal of the Paris Agreement<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To curtail the rise of global temperature this century below 2-degree Celsius, above<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pre-industrial levels; and also pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees celsius.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Develop mechanisms to help and support countries that are very vulnerable to the adverse<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">impacts of climate change. An example would be countries like the Maldives facing threat<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">due to sea-level rise.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Confirms the obligation that developed countries have towards developing countries, by<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">providing them financial and technological support.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The agreement talks about 20\/20\/20 targets, i.e.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Carbon Dioxide emissions reductions by 20%,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Work on increasing the renewable energy market share by 20%<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Target to increase energy efficiency by 20%<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Status of Global Emission After 5 years of the Paris Agreement<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All the states have submitted their national contributions to mitigate and adapt to climate change<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">after 5 years of the agreement \u2013<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China has the highest GHG emissions (30%) while the US contributes 13.5% and the EU 8.7%.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earlier the emission status was like (China at 13% while, the US had the highest emissions at<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25%, followed by EU at 22%).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides India, only Bhutan, the Philippines, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Morocco, and Gambia<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">complied with the Paris Climate Accord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The contributions are radically insufficient to reach the well below the 2\u00b0 Celsius limit and<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are even further from the 1.5\u00b0 Celsius limit given in the Paris Agreement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7740 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-16-at-4.09.20-PM-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"497\" height=\"94\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-16-at-4.09.20-PM-1.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-16-at-4.09.20-PM-1-300x57.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-16-at-4.09.20-PM-1-1024x194.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-16-at-4.09.20-PM-1-768x145.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-16-at-4.09.20-PM-1-640x121.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-16-at-4.09.20-PM-1-681x129.jpeg 681w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>India\u2019s Status of Current Emissions \u2013<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Nations <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">report released earlier this year stated that India\u2019s per capita<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">emissions are actually 60% lower than the global average.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">list of Reports published by International Organizations <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can be checked on the link<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">provided here.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The emissions in the country grew 1.4% in 2019, much lower than its average of<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3.3% per year over the last decade.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the Measures taken by India to Control Emissions:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Solar Mission<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It is a major initiative of the Government of India and<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Governments to promote ecologically sustainable growth while<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">addressing India\u2019s energy security challenge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bharat Stage (BS) VI norms<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: These are emission control standards put in<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">place by the government to keep a check on air pollution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u21b3 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bharat Stage or BS Emission Standards are government-instituted emission standards that all<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">motor vehicles have to comply with if they are to be sold and driven in India.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, all new vehicles sold and registered in India should be compliant with the BS-VI<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">iteration of emission standards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The standards and timelines for their implementation are set by the \u200b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Pollution Control<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Board (CPCB)\u200b <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">under the Minister of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u25cf <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The BS norms are based on the European Emission Standards (Euro norms) and were first<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">set in 2000. Equivalent to the Euro-1, the first iteration was known as \u2018India 2000\u2019, and not<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BS-I.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subsequent emission standards were called BS-II, BS-III, and BS-IV.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government decided to jump directly from BS-IV to BS-VI skipping BS-V in view of the<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">long time it took to move from BS-III to IV.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Impact of shifting from BS-IV to BS-VI<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cost of production of automobiles will be higher on account of the shift and this would<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">be translated to higher costs for the vehicle buyer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In particular, the diesel and the economy segment cars will see a higher increase in the<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Driving a pre-BS IV car using BS-VI fuel can be detrimental to engine life. There may be<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">trouble with injection pumps, oil seals and injectors leading to higher wear and tear,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">consequently higher emissions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Automakers say they have a huge stock of BS-IV vehicles and they might have to face huge<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">losses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This shift is, however, set to have a positive impact on the quality of air.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By reducing the emission of toxic substances, BS-VI will definitely reduce the air pollution in<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cities in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The levels of poisonous, highly reactive gases that form when fuel is burned at high<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">temperatures such as NOx, or oxides of nitrogen, are also expected to reduce.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy 2018<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The main objective of the policy is to<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">provide a framework for the promotion of large grid-connected wind-solar<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">photovoltaic (PV) hybrid systems for optimal and efficient utilization of wind<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and solar resources, transmission infrastructure and land.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u21b3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy was adopted on 14 May 2018 by the Ministry of New and<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Renewable Energy (MNRE) as an initiative to promote a large grid-connected wind-solar PV hybrid<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">system for efficient utilization of the transmission infrastructure and land. National Wind-Solar<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hybrid Policy also aims to reduce the variability in renewable power generation and to achieve better<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">grid stability.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union government has set an ambitious target of achieving 175 GigaWatt (GW) of installed<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">capacity from renewable energy sources by 2022, which includes 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wind power capacity.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All these and many other initiatives helped India in cutting CO2 emissions by 164<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">million kg.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Issues in Achieving the Pledged Targets:<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most of the Nations have been slow to update their <\/span><b>national contributions for reducing<\/b> <b>emissions for 2025-2030, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">however several have announced <\/span><b>net zero emission targets <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recent past.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u25a0 <\/span><b>Net zero-emission <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">means that all man-made greenhouse gas<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">emissions must be removed from the atmosphere through reduction<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">measures, thus reducing the Earth\u2019s net climate balance.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The net-zero targets are <\/span><b>subject to credibility, accountability, and fairness<\/b> <b>checks.<\/b><b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u25a0 <\/span><b>Credibility: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The plans and policies of nations is not credible enough<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to meet the long term <\/span><b>net-zero targets <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as :<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)<\/b> <b>1.5 degrees Celsius Report <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">indicated that to stay within a<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reasonable chance of achieving 1.5 degrees Celsius, global<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>CO2 emissions have to fall by 45% from the 2010 levels by<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>2030 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">but <\/span><b>current national contributions are not on track for<\/b> <b>such a fall.<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u25a0 <\/span><b>Accountability: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is <\/span><b>limited or no accountability <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for the<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">long-term net-zero goals and short-term national contributions as:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many <\/span><b>net-zero goals have not yet been embedded in<\/b><b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>national contributions and long-term strategies <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">under the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paris Agreement.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In any case, <\/span><b>accountability under the Paris Agreement is<\/b> <b>limited. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">States are not obliged to achieve their self-selected<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">targets. There is <\/span><b>no mechanism to review the adequacy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of <\/span>individual contributions. <b>States are only asked to provide <\/b><b>j<\/b><b>ustifications <\/b>for the fairness and ambition of their targets.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>transparency framework does not contain a robust<\/b><b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>review function, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the compliance committee is<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">facilitative and limited to ensuring compliance with a short<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">list of binding procedural obligations..<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u25a0 <\/span><b>Fairness: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Issues of fairness and justice, <\/span><b>both between and within<\/b> <b>generations, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are <\/span><b>unavoidable:<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is <\/span><b>no mechanism <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to check that whether the net-zero<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">targets and pathways to net-zero are fair or how much are<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">states doing in comparison to others and relative to how<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">much they should.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To structure your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/cat-online-coaching\">CAT online preparation<\/a>\u00a0in an efficient way consider joining iQuanta which is a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/test\/iconcept\">top online cat coaching<\/a>\u00a0institute and being a part of the iQuanta CAT 22 Course.<br \/>\nYou can also check out and be a part of their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/Rockthecat\">Facebook group<\/a>\u00a0for peer learning, doubt solving and free material.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7711 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-300x57.jpeg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-300x57.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-1024x194.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-768x145.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-640x121.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM-681x129.jpeg 681w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-14-at-6.21.58-PM.jpeg 1280w\" alt=\"\" width=\"384\" height=\"73\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>For 24*7 doubts-solving, FREE guidance and counselling and peer to peer learning, join the CAT preparation Fb group below:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/Rockthecat\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8002 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM.jpeg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM-300x57.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM-1024x194.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM-768x145.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM-640x121.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2021-12-20-at-5.05.31-PM-681x129.jpeg 681w\" alt=\"CAT preparation Fb group\" width=\"400\" height=\"76\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paris Agreement was signed in 2016 by UNFCCC 195 signatories. The agreement intends to reduce and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In 2017, the US President announced his intention to withdraw from the agreement. The effective date of withdrawal of the US is November 2020.\u00a0 What is the Paris Agreement?\u00a0 It is a multilateral agreement within [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6455,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[367],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.4 (Yoast SEO v21.9.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Paris Climate Agreement - iQuanta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iquanta.in\/blog\/paris-climate-agreement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Paris Climate Agreement\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Paris Agreement was signed in 2016 by UNFCCC 195 signatories. The agreement intends to reduce and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In 2017, the US President announced his intention to withdraw from the agreement. 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