Instructions:-
1. Attempt all the questions.
2. Once you have completed all the questions of a particular section click on the submit button for scores and explanations then move to the next sections.
3. For each correct answer, you receive 1 mark. For this mock, there is no negative marking.
English Language
Each set of questions in this section is based on a single passage. Please answer each question based on what is stated or implied in the corresponding passage. In some instances, more than one option may be the answer to the question; in such a case, please choose the option that most accurately and comprehensively answers the question.
A super consumer of one category is often a super consumer of other categories. Cleverly combining two or more important, yet seemingly different categories not only taps into a quest, but can also create a new category—just as American Girl crashed dolls, education, and experiential retail into one category.
Generac, the leading manufacturer of standby generators, found that people who buy three to four times more life insurance and lots of vitamins tend to be great prospects for proactively buying a generator for an extreme event that may never happen. These consumers are super consumers of proactive protection. Sometimes the connection between categories is not as clear, as some categories counterbalance one another. For example, super consumers of milk tend to be super consumers not of other healthy foods and beverages, but of more indulgent ones like cereal, cookies, and candy. Milk was the perfect accompaniment to sweets—and was probably considered something like an old-school indulgence you could buy from the
Catholic Church in advance of a sin you were planning to commit. Counterintuitively, Harvard Business Review reported that shoppers who recycle their grocery bags tended to indulge more in junk food as well.
What Pleasant Rowland created and Mattel helped foster is amazing. American Girl’s remarkable growth may also feel intimidating. But it is more feasible than you might think, especially considering how low the success rates are for innovation in your core business. The key is to take stock of the state of your business now. Are you hitting your growth goals? How good is your ROI now? What are the odds that your business will still be successful for the next five to ten years?
Of all new consumer packaged goods, 85 percent or more fail. Why? Often, the problem is that they aim too low by trying to solve the same job with a slightly modified product. Companies would do far better aspiring to solve a quest, but falling short slightly and finding that they created a product that consumers wanted to hire for a wholly more important job than its originally intended one.
The most successful businesses today have multiple business models, not just one. How well does a unidimensional business model do against a multidimensional one? Poorly, much like a boxer who runs up against a mixed martial artist who can box, kick, and wrestle. It is an unfair fight. This is both the beauty and the imperative of leveraging super consumers to create new categories.
Quantitative Techniques
RBI Grade B phase II 2019 paper had three sections – ESI (Economic and social issues), FM (Finance & Management) and English with the maximum marks in each section being 100. Each section had questions with 1,2 and 3 marks. Each section had the same number of total questions and in each section the number of one-mark questions was one more than the number of two-mark questions which in turn was one more than the number of three-mark questions. The penalty for each wrong answer is also applicable for this exam which stands as 1/4th of the marks for that question.
Logical Reasoning
Central bankers are waving red flags as the global economy slowly — but surely — starts to spin out of control with the prospect of a hard landing looming large. Just over a year ago, the monetary authorities in the advanced economies led by the Federal Reserve in the United States of America began to winch up interest rates in a desperate effort to rein in inflation, kick-starting what would become the fastest rate hike cycle in 40 years. Later this week, the Fed is expected to raise rates again before hitting a widely-anticipated pause button. But even before the rate increases could tame the bogey of runaway inflation, they have triggered the collapse of at least three regional banks in the US. The Reserve Bank of India does not want to take any chances. The RBI governor, Shaktikanta Das, has advised Indian banks to beef up their capital buffers so that they have adequate liquidity to meet their obligations in any kind of stressful situation. The central bank also intends to start looking closely at the business models that the banks employ in order to identify any potential vulnerabilities. The governor’s cryptic comments at a seminar on financial resilience did not seem to square with his recent assertion at the World Bank-International Monetary Fund annual meetings that the Indian banking system would not be affected by the financial shocks in the US.
Overall, bad loans in the gross non-performing assets have fallen to 4.41% at the end of December 2022 from 5.8% in March last year. Tests carried out by the RBI also reveal that none of the 46 scheduled commercial banks would breach the minimum capital requirement of 9% under the Basel III standards even in a situation of severe stress. But what looks good on paper today could unravel very quickly when a global banking crisis erupts. Domestic concerns brew as well. Credit growth in the banking sector surged to 17.5% in September last year — a rate last recorded in December 2011. The return of indiscriminate lending can spell trouble.
Legal Reasoning
An injunction, in brief, is an order that issues from the court that compels one to do an act or abstain from doing an act whichever shall be just upon the occasion. It would be granted upon a showing that monetary damages alone would not suffice to remedy the wrong caused and that the action should be taken either upon grounds of natural justice and equity. The Injunctions basically are preventive, and they are granted with the object of restoring or maintaining the rights of a party whose interests are threatened. The statutory provisions concerning the injunctions in criminal matters are contained in the Criminal Procedure Code; in civil cases, it is provided under the Civil Procedure Code and Specific Relief Act. Each statute deals with the issue of injunctions for different stages and nature of litigation.
A temporary injunction is a provisional relief and aims at preserving the status quo of the subject matter of a dispute. It protects the plaintiff against the possible harm or injury by way of causing the defendant not to interfere with him or the danger of loss of property pending the determination of the main suit. In other words, it operates for some specified period, or until the said order is varied by the court. By contrast, a permanent injunction-so-called because it is a perpetual injunction-is granted at such time as the final judgment is rendered and it essentially operates indefinitely. In other words, this is an order that permanently restrains the defendant from committing an act or omitting to act in a way that would be prejudicial to plaintiff’s rights. An injunction might be made perpetual to make a party comply with its contractual obligations or to protect the plaintiff’s property rights, especially where monetary damages would not be sufficient. The specific situations which merit a perpetual injunction are: where defendant is in a fiduciary relationship in respect of plaintiff’s property; where it is impossible to ascertain the amount of damages with reasonable certainty; where monetary damages would be inadequate; and where an injunction would prevent multiplicity of actions.
Current Affairs & General Knowledge
Wetlands play a very crucial role in the biodiversity strategies of the world, especially in the context of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Frameworks, and if implemented properly, they can really help bridge the gap between what is set forth by COP15. The United Nations Biodiversity Conference currently taking place in Cali, Colombia, focuses on the need for nations to review their National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs). It is from these appraisals that Wetlands International had a word to say on the biodiversity frameworks under a recent appraisal: it told governments to conserve and restore their ecosystems. According to Wetlands, these areas of significance provide not only ecological services but also different types within and outside their ecosystem. Some of the key services include guarding water quality, providing habitats for a range of wildlife, storing floodwaters, and maintaining surface-water flow during when dry seasons are on. Notably, wetlands account for around 40 percent of the world’s biodiversity, giving them an international character. However, wetlands are disappearing faster than any other ecosystem, making their preservation an urgent concern. The wetlands assessment reviewed the representation of wetlands in 24 NBSAPs undertaken by the 196 countries that are parties to the CBD.
A key finding of the report is that 83 percent of NBSAPs submitted contain explicit references to wetlands, inland waters, or freshwater systems. For submissions from Africa and Oceania, the rate is 100 percent, and for European countries, it is over 90 percent. The explicit references are important because they link wetlands directly to key biodiversity targets under the KMGBF. For example, 71 percent of the NBSAPs contain measures under Target 2 for restoration of wetlands, whereas 50 percent contain protections under Target 3. However, while many plans contain promising integrations, far too many lack explicit, measurable goals for the conservation and rehabilitation of wetlands, which dilutes their impact.
More detailed analysis shows that specific types of wetlands appear in 16 NBSAPs. Mangroves, rivers, lakes and peatlands are particularly frequently mentioned. These ecosystems are thus of crucial importance for biodiversity and in regulating the climate. Important global wetland areas, such as the Amazon River Basin and the Hudson Bay Lowlands, are, however remarkably missing from most national strategies and appear to be at risk for future conservation. Thus, the report focuses on this omission of critical gaps in global biodiversity planning and puts forth the imperative of intensified focus on these important wetland zones.
While the world waits upon COP16, these are a reminder from such a review lesson that stronger, more focused actions are needed. Steps taken by countries towards wetland conservation should now form part of central biodiversity efforts such that countries meet their targets and that ecosystems continue to form the foundation of ecological and human living environments. Wetlands are so often overlooked in the environment, yet play the key role in maintaining ecological health and biodiversity, and protection thereof is a crucial necessity for planetary perpetuation.
